BODY COMPOSITION AND GRIP STRENGHT BETWEEN OLDER ADULTS, INSTITUTIONALIZED AND TAI CHI CHUAN PRACTITIONERS IN CUBA. A SARCOPENIA STUDY

Background and objectives: Background: Aging is associated with profound changes in body composition that occur in late life. With age, adiposity increases and skeletal muscle mass is reduced. This loss with age leads to sarcopenia, which is a multifactorial process that includes physical inactivity...

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Published in:Annals of nutrition and metabolism 2017-10, Vol.71 (Suppl. 2), p.428
Main Authors: Sánchez, Elena Díaz María, Álvarez, Vladimir Ruiz, Hernández-Triana, Manuel, Llera-Abreu, Elisa, Fuentes, Yoandry Alfonso Díaz, Treville, Celia María Roque, Domínguez, Yeneisy Lanyau, Domínguez, Derbis Campos, Domínguez, Maybe Díaz, Domínguez, Lourdes Rodríguez
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adipose tissue
Adults
Age factors
Aging
Anthropometry
Body composition
Body fat
Body mass
Body water
Geriatrics
Grip strength
Lean body mass
Martial arts
Mathematical analysis
Mathematical models
Muscle function
Muscle strength
Nutrition
Obesity
Older people
Physical activity
Physical exercise
Physical training
Principal components analysis
Quality of life
Regression analysis
Sarcopenia
Skeletal muscle
Statistical analysis
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Summary:Background and objectives: Background: Aging is associated with profound changes in body composition that occur in late life. With age, adiposity increases and skeletal muscle mass is reduced. This loss with age leads to sarcopenia, which is a multifactorial process that includes physical inactivity in its development. Sarcopenia establishes its symptoms in inactive individuals, but is also observed in some who remain active throughout their lives. Training with physical exercise is favorable to delay sarcopenia, like adequate food and nutrition, among other factors that improve the quality of life in old age. Objectives: To analyze body composition and hand grip strength in elderly, institutionalized and active TAI CHI practitioners. Methods: An anthropometric study was performed in old people attending day care for the elderly institutions and assiduous practitioners Tai Chi Chuan in the National School of Wushu. Fat mass (FM), fat free mass (FFM) and total body water (TBW) were calculated by electrical bioimpedance with an Impedimed DF50 analyzer. From the resistance, skeletal muscle mass (SMM) was obtained by equations. Muscle strength was obtained with a JAMAR dynamometer. Statistical analysis used the general linear model, principal component analysis, and polynomial logistic regression. Results: The women had higher FM, lower FFM, TBW, SMM and muscular strength than men, verified with a General Linear Model. There is a significant effect of age on weight increase, decrease in height, SMM and muscular strength. The FFM and the subcomponents TWB and SMM corresponded to strength force and were more diminished in the institutionalized elderly. Logistic regression showed that decreased muscle strength was more representative in the institutionalized elderly. In them, sarcopenic obesity is also more frequent. Tai Chi Chuan practitioners have significantly more lean body mass development and physical performance than older adults who stay in day care institutions, that have a more sedentary behavior, corresponding to the sarcopenia. Conclusions: The physical activity of TAI CHI CHIAN offers better predictions for body composition to reduce sarcopenia in the elderly.
ISSN:0250-6807
1421-9697
DOI:10.1159/000480486