Altitudinal and Latitudinal Variations of Snowpack N Concentration over the French Alps

• Published in: Water, air, and soil pollution air, and soil pollution, 2018-08, Vol.229 (8), p.1-12, Article 250
• Main Authors: Dambrine, E., Arthaud, F., Avrillier, J.-N., Millery, A., Nicolas, M.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Alpine ecosystems; Altitude; Ammonium; Ammonium compounds; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts; Composition; Deposition; Earth and Environmental Science; Ecosystems; Elevation; Environment; Environmental monitoring; Geographical variations; High altitude; High-altitude environments; Hydrogeology; Hydroxyapatite; Latitudinal variations; Massifs; Mountain ecology; Nitrates; Precipitation; Snow accumulation; Snowpack; Soil Science & Conservation; Variation; Water Quality/Water Pollution
• ISSN: 0049-6979; 1573-2932
• DOI: 10.1007/s11270-018-3853-7

The aim of the study was to get a picture of the geographical variations of N deposition in the snowpack over the French Alps. Using a collaborative research approach, we sampled 139 snow cores along 27 altitudinal gradients between 1100 and 3300 m a.s.l. in the end of February 2013, at maximum snowpack accumulation. Comparing the snowpack composition at a fixed elevation (2000 m), we observed a clear gradient of increasing nitrate concentrations from the south to the north of the massif. This gradient was less marked for NH 4 . Mineral N loads were 100–500 g ha −1 in the south and 100–1000 g ha −1 in the north. For several massifs of the Northern Alps, nitrate and ammonium concentrations decreased as elevation increased. This altitudinal variation was not observed (or less) in the south. The weighted average inorganic N concentrations measured in bulk precipitation during the same winter at three monitoring sites at medium altitude (1000–1300 m) were about twice higher than the measured concentrations in the snowpack at 2000 m. We suggest that these altitudinal and latitudinal gradients should be taken into account to model the deposition of N at high altitude and to analyze the relative effects of N deposition on remote alpine ecosystems.