Interactions between species introduce spurious associations in microbiome studies

Microbiota contribute to many dimensions of host phenotype, including disease. To link specific microbes to specific phenotypes, microbiome-wide association studies compare microbial abundances between two groups of samples. Abundance differences, however, reflect not only direct associations with t...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:arXiv.org 2018-01
Main Authors: Menon, Rajita, Ramanan, Vivek, Korolev, Kirill S
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Brain
Inflammatory bowel disease
Microorganisms
Statistical methods
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Microbiota contribute to many dimensions of host phenotype, including disease. To link specific microbes to specific phenotypes, microbiome-wide association studies compare microbial abundances between two groups of samples. Abundance differences, however, reflect not only direct associations with the phenotype, but also indirect effects due to microbial interactions. We found that microbial interactions could easily generate a large number of spurious associations that provide no mechanistic insight. Using techniques from statistical physics, we developed a method to remove indirect associations and applied it to the largest dataset on pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. Our method corrected the inflation of p-values in standard association tests and showed that only a small subset of associations is directly linked to the disease. Direct associations had a much higher accuracy in separating cases from controls and pointed to immunomodulation, butyrate production, and the brain-gut axis as important factors in the inflammatory bowel disease.
ISSN:2331-8422
DOI:10.48550/arxiv.1708.04577