Humility and Narcissism in Clergy: a Relational Spirituality Framework

• Published in: Pastoral psychology 2018-10, Vol.67 (5), p.525-545
• Main Authors: Ruffing, Elizabeth G., Paine, David R., Devor, Nancy G., Sandage, Steven J.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Behavioral Science and Psychology; Christians; Clergy; Clinical Psychology; Cross Cultural Psychology; Cultivation; Differentiation; Idealization; Interpersonal communication; Leadership; Mental health; Morality; Narcissism; Personal relationships; Psychology; Religious communities; Religious congregations; Religious leaders; Religious Studies; Self image; Sociology; Spirituality; Traditions
• ISSN: 0031-2789; 1573-6679
• DOI: 10.1007/s11089-018-0830-4

Humility is a central virtue in Christian traditions, and it is typically expected of Christian clergy. However, research indicates that there may be significant levels of narcissism among those in religious leadership. This paper incorporates psychological and theological perspectives to understand the particular dynamics that surround narcissism and humility in this specific population. Empirical research to date suggests that clergy humility has positive implications for clergy’s mental, spiritual, and congregational health, whereas narcissism has deleterious consequences. Aspects of the clergy role, including idealization, hiding the self, stress, overfunctioning, unboundaried influence, and unrealistic expectations can encourage the cultivation of narcissism. Integrating psychological theory and empirical research, the authors propose that the developmental capacities of secure attachment and differentiation of self are two key aspects of mature relational spirituality that can help clergy (a) to practice healthy forms of humility and (b) to resist narcissism. Implications for religious communities are discussed.