Estado nutricional, estilo de vida e risco cardiovascular de ovolactovegetarianos e onívoros

• Published in: Archivos latinoamericanos de nutrición 2010-09, Vol.60 (3)
• Main Authors: Keila Fernandes Dourado, Florisbela de Arruda Câmara e Siqueira Campos, Hernando Flores Rojas, Shirley Kelly dos Santos Simões, Pereira de Siqueira, Leonardo
• Format: Article
• Language: Spanish
• Subjects: Body mass index; Diet; Health care; Obesity; Vegetarianism; Weight control
• ISSN: 0004-0622; 2309-5806

The aim of the present study was to assess socioeconomic characteristics, dietary intake, nutritional status and cardiovascular risk (using anthropometric indicators of central obesity) in lacto-ovo vegetarians and non-vegetarians. Two non-vegetarians were selected for each vegetarian (paired for gender and age) in order to increase the power of the statistical tests. The sample was made up of 87 individuals (58.6% males; 29 vegetarians and 58 non-vegetarians) with a mean age of 40 + 13 years. Among the socioeconomic characteristics, only the number of residents per household differed between groups, with a greater percentage of homes with five or more residents in the vegetarian group. Concerning lifestyle, the groups differed with regard to smoking habits (p < 0.001), with a higher proportion of smokers among the non-vegetarians. There were no significant differences between groups in any of the anthropometric variables studied. Concerning dietary intake, no difference between groups was found with regard to total calorie intake, but the consumption of proteins, total lipids, saturated fat and cholesterol was higher among the non-vegetarians, whereas carbohydrate and fiber intake was higher among the vegetarians. The results of the present study suggest that, although a lacto-ovo vegetarian diet is considered healthier due to the lower consumption of total fat, saturated fatty acids and cholesterol, there are no significant differences in nutritional status or anthropometric indicators of cardiovascular risk when lifestyle and total calorie intake are similar. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar características sócioeconômicas, estilo de vida, consumo alimentar, estado nutricional e o risco cardiovascular através de indicadores antropométricos de obesidade central de ovolactovegetarianos e onívoros. Para cada ovolactovegetariano foram selecionados dois onívoros de mesmo sexo e idade semelhante, visando ao pareamento das amostras nesses critérios e ao aumento do poder dos testes estatísticos. A amostra foi composta por 87 indivíduos, sendo 29 ovolactovegetarianos e 58 onívoros, com média geral de idade de 40 + 13 anos e 58,6% do sexo masculino. Dentro das características socioeconômicas, apenas o número de moradores por domicílio diferiu; os ovolactovegetarianos apresentaram um percentual maior na categoria de 5 ou mais pessoas. Quanto ao estilo de vida, os grupos diferiram apenas no hábito do tabagismo (p < 0,001), onde os onívoros apresentaram m