Eco-friendly and low-cost Enhanced Pond and Wetland (EPW) system for the treatment of secondary wastewater effluent

•EPW system (HRAP + SFCW + WDF) efficiently treated secondary wastewater effluents.•TSS/VSS concentrations in final effluents were consistently maintained at 70%) was achieved via algal bio-flocculation.•EPW system achieved a great natural disinfection (3–4 log E. coli removal). To demonstrate the f...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Ecological engineering 2018-09, Vol.120, p.170-179
Main Authors: Park, Jason B.K., Craggs, Rupert J., Tanner, Chris C.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Algae
Algae harvesting
Artificial wetlands
Autumn
Biomass
Climatic conditions
Denitrification
Disinfection
Disinfection & disinfectants
Domestic wastewater
E coli
Effluents
Environmental engineering
Feasibility studies
Flocculation
Gravitation
Gravity
Harvesters
High Rate Algal Ponds (HRAPs)
Mineral nutrients
Natural wastewater treatment
Nitrogen
Nitrogen removal
Nutrient removal
Nutrients
Phosphorus
Ponds
Radiation
Removal
Secondary wastewater
Secondary wastewater treatment
Sedimentation
Sunlight
Sunlight disinfection
Surface flow
Surface flow constructed wetlands
Trickling filters
Wastewater
Wastewater treatment
Wastewater treatment plants
Water treatment
Water treatment plants
Wetlands
Winter
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Summary:•EPW system (HRAP + SFCW + WDF) efficiently treated secondary wastewater effluents.•TSS/VSS concentrations in final effluents were consistently maintained at 70%) was achieved via algal bio-flocculation.•EPW system achieved a great natural disinfection (3–4 log E. coli removal). To demonstrate the feasibility of Enhanced Pond and Wetland (EPW) system for the treatment of Biological Trickling Filter (BTF) effluent, pilot-scale EPW systems were installed and operated in New Zealand climate conditions. The system consisted of: two High Rate Algal Ponds (HRAPs) followed by gravity Algal Harvesters (AHs), two Surface Flow Constructed Wetlands (SFCWs), and a Woodchip Denitrification Filter (WDF). The wastewater treatment performance of each treatment component was monitored fortnightly over six months (late autumn to winter) in terms of TSS, total and soluble BOD5, nutrients (N and P) and E.coli removal. Algal biomass production, algal harvest efficiency, and algal dominance in the HRAPs were also determined. The pilot-scale system maintained low final effluent TSS and BOD5 concentrations below 5 and 8 mg L−1 respectively, and achieved high removal of nitrogen (NH4-N: ∼95%; NO3-N: 77%), phosphorus (DRP: ∼65%) and E. coli (at least 3-log E. coli removal) throughout the experimental period. Particularly in autumn, the HRAPs achieved almost complete removal of both NH4-N (5.0 to
ISSN:0925-8574
1872-6992
DOI:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2018.05.029