Materials characterization by synchrotron x-ray microprobes and nanoprobes

In recent years synchrotron x-ray microprobes and nanoprobes have emerged as key characterization tools with a remarkable impact for different scientific fields including solid-state, applied, high-pressure, and nuclear physics, chemistry, catalysis, biology, and cultural heritage. This review provi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Reviews of modern physics 2018-06, Vol.90 (2), p.025007, Article 025007
Main Authors: Mino, Lorenzo, Borfecchia, Elisa, Segura-Ruiz, Jaime, Giannini, Cinzia, Martinez-Criado, Gema, Lamberti, Carlo
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Beams (radiation)
Catalysis
Cultural heritage
Cultural resources
Free electron lasers
Materials science
Microbeams
Nuclear physics
Organic chemistry
Photons
Radiation damage
Small angle X ray scattering
Synchrotron radiation
X ray absorption
X ray spectra
X-ray diffraction
X-ray fluorescence
X-rays
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Summary:In recent years synchrotron x-ray microprobes and nanoprobes have emerged as key characterization tools with a remarkable impact for different scientific fields including solid-state, applied, high-pressure, and nuclear physics, chemistry, catalysis, biology, and cultural heritage. This review provides a comparison of the different probes available for the space-resolved characterization of materials (i.e., photons, electrons, ions, neutrons) with particular emphasis on x rays. Subsequently, an overview of the optics employed to focus x rays and the most relevant characterization techniques using x rays (i.e., x-ray diffraction, wide-angle x-ray scattering, small-angle x-ray scattering, x-ray absorption spectroscopy, x-ray fluorescence, x-ray-excited optical luminescence, and photoelectron spectroscopy) is reported. Strategies suitable to minimize possible radiation damage induced by brilliant focused x-ray beams are briefly discussed. The general concepts are then exemplified by a selection of significant applications of x-ray microbeams and nanobeams to materials science. Finally, the future perspectives for the development of nanoprobe science at synchrotron sources and free-electron lasers are discussed.
ISSN:0034-6861
1539-0756
DOI:10.1103/RevModPhys.90.025007