Catalytic and ortho-directing effect of Zn2+, Mg2+, Ba2+, and Ca2+ metal hydroxides on the preparation of phenolic-formaldehyde resin

A one step method was employed to prepare PF (phenol-formaldehyde) resin adhesive from phenol and formaldehyde with Zn 2+ , Mg 2+ , Ba 2+ , and Ca 2+ hydroxides as catalysts, and the physicochemical properties of the resulting polymeric material were analyzed. The viscosity of the liquid adhesive de...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of adhesion science and technology 2018-12, Vol.32 (24), p.2647-2657
Main Authors: Chen, Zhangmin, Cai, Hanjiang, Pan, Yanhong, Chen, Yuhe, Guo, Rencong, Li, Jingpeng, He, Sheng, Han, Jian
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aldehydes
Calcium ions
Catalysis
Catalysts
Curing
divalent metal hydroxides
Fourier transforms
Hydroxides
Metal hydroxides
ortho to para ratio
Phenol formaldehyde resins
phenolic resin
Phenols
Polymerization
polymerization rate
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Summary:A one step method was employed to prepare PF (phenol-formaldehyde) resin adhesive from phenol and formaldehyde with Zn 2+ , Mg 2+ , Ba 2+ , and Ca 2+ hydroxides as catalysts, and the physicochemical properties of the resulting polymeric material were analyzed. The viscosity of the liquid adhesive decreased at intermediate catalyst concentrations, while the polymerization rate decreased at the highest concentrations; no clear pattern could be observed between catalyst concentration and solid content. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) performed on the PF resin catalyzed by Ba 2+ showed that the polymer had a curing exothermic peak at around 110 °C, while the initial curing temperatures of PF resins were affected by the type of metal hydroxide used, and were in the order Ca 2+  
ISSN:0169-4243
1568-5616
DOI:10.1080/01694243.2018.1500158