Model Apatite Systems for the Stabilization of Toxic Metals: II, Cation and Metalloid Substitutions in Chlorapatites

Environmental chlorapatites, of the form A10(BxC1−xO4)6Cl2, where A=Ca, Cd, or Pb; B/C=P, V, or Cr and 0≤x≤1, were synthesized by solid‐state reactions. Crystal structure variations, primarily lattice parameters, were examined through powder X‐ray diffraction methods, while performance and long‐term...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of the American Ceramic Society 2005-05, Vol.88 (5), p.1253-1260
Main Authors: Kim, Jean Y., Dong, Zhili, White, Timothy J.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Applied sciences
Ceramic microtubes
Crystal structure
Exact sciences and technology
General treatment and storage processes
Ions
Pollution
Toxicity
Wastes
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Summary:Environmental chlorapatites, of the form A10(BxC1−xO4)6Cl2, where A=Ca, Cd, or Pb; B/C=P, V, or Cr and 0≤x≤1, were synthesized by solid‐state reactions. Crystal structure variations, primarily lattice parameters, were examined through powder X‐ray diffraction methods, while performance and long‐term durability of these waste form apatites were assessed by a combination of the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) and the American Nuclear Society (ANS) method. As expected, an overall dilation of unit cell edges was observed with increasing ionic substitutions. However, a discontinuity in linearity was often observed, generally for x≥0.5. The correlation of microstructural changes and leach testing shows that lead chlorapatite is found to be more suitable for waste stabilization than calcium and cadmium analogues.
ISSN:0002-7820
1551-2916
DOI:10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00136.x