Emotionally Focused Couple Therapy with Trauma Survivors: Strengthening Attachment Bonds

• Published in: Canadian psychology = Psychologie canadienne 2003, Vol.44 (4), p.426
• Main Authors: Preece, Melady, Delongis, Anita
• Format: Review
• Language: English
• Subjects: Personal relationships; Therapy; Trauma; Treatment
• ISSN: 0708-5591; 1878-7304
• DOI: 10.1037/h0086964

Emotion-Focused Therapy (EFT) is an empirically validated approach to couples therapy (Johnson, Hunsley, Greenberg, & Schindler, 1999) that has been replicated by independent investigators. Emotion-focused therapy is based in part on the theoretical underpinnings of systems and attachment perspectives. Two previous books describing the clinical aspects of this approach have been published, Emotionally Focused Therapy for Couples (Johnson & Greenberg, 1988) and The Practice of Emotionally Focused Martial Therapy: Creating Connection (Johnson, 1996). In this volume, the approach is extended to a consideration of the role that past trauma plays in current marital problems. In addition, the book provides a succinct overview of attachment theory, and responds to criticisms that arise in its application to treatment. Throughout, Johnson uses the "dragon" as a metaphor to refer to the spectre of trauma in the lives of couples. She notes that, "We know that we are not designed to face dragons alone." Johnson suggests that "formulating the dragon as the problem" removes any need for blame towards either party. The goal of the therapy is to transform the problematic relationship into a safe haven, a secure base from which to fight the dragon. In this newly constructed place of safety, the traumatized partner learns to view the other as an "ally" in the fight against the dragon. "Rituals of comfort and soothing" are seen as an important building block in the development of the safe haven. EFT with trauma survivors can be seen as either a stand-alone treatment or as an adjunct to individual therapy for PTSD. The second half of the book consists of four case studies that are described in significant detail, ending with a brief chapter on special concerns for a therapist working with traumatized couples. Even for the adult individual therapist, the book provides some helpful suggestions regarding process, including positively reframing clients' negative behaviours as "creative adaptations to impossible circumstances" (p. 72) and clients' willingness to confront their trauma as "bravery and strength."