Sol-gel synthesis and electrical characterization of doped-carbon decorated mixed conductor ceramics

•New doped compositions: Li3V2−x [Cu]x (PO4)3/CNF and Li3V2−x [Nb]x(PO4)3/CNF.•Sol-gel method + Citric or Oxalic acids as a primary carbon source.•Carbon Black or Carbon NanoFibers as extra carbon sources for nanocoposites ceramics.•Nanocarbon covering of Nb-dopped polyanion material for boosting en...

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Published in:Materials science & engineering. B, Solid-state materials for advanced technology Solid-state materials for advanced technology, 2019-02, Vol.241, p.66-74
Main Authors: Terny, S., Vega-Castillo, J., de la Rubia, M.A., de Frutos, J., Frechero, M.A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Carbon black
Carbon fiber reinforced plastics
Conductors
Copper
Electrical properties
Electrical resistivity
IMPEDANCE spectroscopy
Mixed conductor ceramic
Nanofibers
Niobium
Oxalic acid
Polyelectrolytes
Raman spectroscopy
Sol-gel method
Sol-gel processes
Spectrum analysis
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Summary:•New doped compositions: Li3V2−x [Cu]x (PO4)3/CNF and Li3V2−x [Nb]x(PO4)3/CNF.•Sol-gel method + Citric or Oxalic acids as a primary carbon source.•Carbon Black or Carbon NanoFibers as extra carbon sources for nanocoposites ceramics.•Nanocarbon covering of Nb-dopped polyanion material for boosting energy and power. New mixed composite conductors of compositions: Li3V2−x [Cu]x (PO4)3/C and Li3V2−x [Nb]x(PO4)3/C (x = 0.1; 0.2 and 0.3) have been synthesized by the sol-gel method using Citric and Oxalic acids as a primary carbon source and Carbon Black or Carbon Nano-Fibers as secondary carbon sources. The combination of these carbon forms with the Nb doped-polyanion material boosts their electrical behavior up to 10−3 S.m−1 that is two orders of magnitude higher than the Li3V2(PO4)3/C at a room temperature. SEM, TEM and Micro-Raman Spectroscopy evidence that Carbon Nano-Fiber blend is better conductor than Carbon Black blend, which is also revealed by complex conductivity spectra. The conductivity behavior of Nb-doped ceramic is better than the Cu-doped one. The obtained niobium composites have a much more stable structure compared to the copper ones because the niobium atoms fit well in the vanadium position, whereas copper atoms are expelled from the structured.
ISSN:0921-5107
1873-4944
DOI:10.1016/j.mseb.2019.02.010