Extraction of cellulose nanofibrils from amylase-treated cassava bagasse using high-pressure homogenization

Cassava bagasse (CB) is one of the largest yielding agricultural residues in Thailand. Thus, utilization of CB in cellulose extraction with amylase-assisted pretreatment was carried out in this research. Amylase pretreatment was used for starch removal, followed by bleaching with sodium chloride. Su...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cellulose (London) 2018-03, Vol.25 (3), p.1757-1768
Main Authors: Panyasiri, Panee, Yingkamhaeng, Naiyasit, Lam, Nga Tien, Sukyai, Prakit
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Amylases
Atomic force microscopy
Bagasse
Bioorganic Chemistry
Bleaching
Cassava
Cellulose
Cellulose fibers
Ceramics
Chemical composition
Chemistry
Chemistry and Materials Science
Composites
Crystal structure
Crystallinity
Electron microscopy
Glass
Homogenization
Microscopy
Natural Materials
Organic Chemistry
Original Paper
Physical Chemistry
Polymer Sciences
Pretreatment
Scanning electron microscopy
Sodium chloride
Stability analysis
Sustainable Development
Thermal stability
Thermogravimetric analysis
Transmission electron microscopy
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Summary:Cassava bagasse (CB) is one of the largest yielding agricultural residues in Thailand. Thus, utilization of CB in cellulose extraction with amylase-assisted pretreatment was carried out in this research. Amylase pretreatment was used for starch removal, followed by bleaching with sodium chloride. Subsequently, cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) were prepared using high-pressure homogenization. The chemical composition of the fibers at different stages showed an increase in the α-cellulose content from 19.27 ± 0.36 to 50.45 ± 0.46%. In contrast, the starch content clearly decreased from 61.60 ± 0.38 to 7.20 ± 0.42%. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated a smooth surface on the bleached fibers due to the removal of non-cellulosic compounds. Atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy confirmed that the diameter of the CNFs was in the range 15–30 nm after high-pressure homogenization at 15,000 psi for 30 passages. Moreover, the crystallinity and thermal stability were evaluated using X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. The crystallinity of the CNFs was 63.40 ± 0.48%; whereas the temperature of maximum decomposition of the CNFs was 325 °C. Therefore, the CNFs prepared from amylase-treated CB using high-pressure homogenization could be applied as a reinforced matrix in material research.
ISSN:0969-0239
1572-882X
DOI:10.1007/s10570-018-1686-6