Evaluation of the weed flora of Egypt from Predynastic to Graeco-Roman times

Macrofossils of weeds retrieved from archaeological sediments in Egypt are discussed in terms of their presence, preservation and representation significance. The study reveals 112 field weeds from 61 archaeological sites dating from Predynastic times (4500 B.C.) up to the Graeco-Roman period (A.D....

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Vegetation history and archaeobotany 1997-12, Vol.6 (4), p.241-247
Main Author: Fahmy, Ahmed Gamal El-Din
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Ancient Egypt
Archaeological site recording
Archaeological sites
Biological taxonomies
Desiccation
Excavation
Flora
Fruits
Historic sites
Introduced species
Plants
Preservation
Sediments
Seeds
Taxa
Weeds
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Summary:Macrofossils of weeds retrieved from archaeological sediments in Egypt are discussed in terms of their presence, preservation and representation significance. The study reveals 112 field weeds from 61 archaeological sites dating from Predynastic times (4500 B.C.) up to the Graeco-Roman period (A.D. 395). Most of the remains were preserved by desiccation. The 112 listed species include 24 taxa from Predynastic Hierakonpolis (3800-3500 B.C.) identified for the first time. This study is based on a selection of 97 species from the entire list. Interpretation of field weed finds from the archaeological contexts is discussed. The highest number of species, 63, is recorded from the Pharaonic period. The Predynastic era is represented by 46 species and the Graeco-Roman period by 34. The intensive archaeological excavation of Pharaonic settlements may explain the rich flora of that period compared with the two others. Floristic analysis shows that 57 species were introduced in association with crops from the Middle East and 40 may belong to the native vegetation of the Nile valley.
ISSN:0939-6314
1617-6278
DOI:10.1007/bf01370445