Solubility of kraft lignin-g-polyacrylonitrile copolymer in various ionic liquids and characterization of its solution

Lignin is a potential precursor for low-cost carbon fiber production, but it is difficult to spin and spool lignin because of its complex and interconnected molecular structure. This disadvantage can be overcome by introducing g -polyacrylonitrile (PAN) to lignin. However, the resulting copolymer is...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Wood science and technology 2017, Vol.51 (1), p.151-163
Main Authors: Park, Chan-Woo, Youe, Won-Jae, Han, Song-Yi, Kim, Yong Sik, Lee, Seung-Hwan
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acetic acid
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Carbon fibers
Ceramics
Composites
Copolymers
Depolymerization
Dimethylformamide
Dissolution
Glass
Ionic liquids
Ions
Life Sciences
Lignin
Machines
Manufacturing
Molecular structure
Natural Materials
Organic solvents
Original
Polyacrylonitrile
Polymerization
Processes
Solubility
Solvents
Sulfates
Surface tension
Viscosity
Wood Science & Technology
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Summary:Lignin is a potential precursor for low-cost carbon fiber production, but it is difficult to spin and spool lignin because of its complex and interconnected molecular structure. This disadvantage can be overcome by introducing g -polyacrylonitrile (PAN) to lignin. However, the resulting copolymer is insoluble in common organic solvents. In this study, kraft lignin (KL)- g -polyacrylonitrile copolymers with different KL/PAN proportions were prepared via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) method and their solubility in ionic liquids (ILs) was investigated at different temperatures. 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([EMIM]Ac), 1,3-dimethylimidazolium methyl sulfate ([MMIM]MeSO4), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl), and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([BMIM]Br) were used as the ILs. At all investigated temperatures, the highest solubility of KL- g -PAN was observed in [EMIM]Ac, with the order of [MMIM]MeSO4 > BMIM]Br > [BMIM]Cl. The solubility in BMIM]Br and [BMIM]Cl was remarkably low, reaching values of less than 4 g/Kg. The viscosity and surface tension of the KL- g -PAN/[EMIM]Ac solution increased and decreased, respectively, with increasing amounts of PAN and further by the addition of dimethylformamide (DMF) to the solution. FTIR spectra of KL- g -PAN copolymers before and after dissolution suggested that PAN was partially depolymerized from the copolymer during the dissolution process.
ISSN:0043-7719
1432-5225
DOI:10.1007/s00226-016-0863-8