The Unusual Thermophysical and Surface Properties of the Daedalia Planum Lava Flows

• Published in: Journal of geophysical research. Planets 2019-07, Vol.124 (7), p.1945-1959
• Main Authors: Simurda, C. M., Ramsey, M. S., Crown, D. A.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Albedo; Classification; Daedalia Planum; Dust; Emission analysis; Emissions; Exposure; Inertia; Infrared analysis; Infrared spectrometers; Lava; Lava flows; Mapping; Mars; Mars surface; Mars volcanoes; Morphology; Outcrops; Plains; Sand; Specific heat; subpixel variation; Surface properties; Temperature variations; THEMIS; Thermal emission; Thermal imaging; Thermal inertia; thermophysical characteristics; Thermophysical properties; Volcanic activity
• ISSN: 2169-9097; 2169-9100
• DOI: 10.1029/2018JE005887

Daedalia Planum contains numerous young lava flows with diverse flow morphology. Previous thermal infrared studies avoided this region because of the moderately high visible albedo, assumed to be caused by optically thick dust, and overall low thermal inertia. The Daedalia Planum flows, however, have some of the roughest surfaces on Mars and display an unusual thermophysical behavior that most likely indicates different areal percentages of dust, sand, and lava outcrops. Recent studies suggest that these surfaces contain significant proportions of lava outcrops rising above low‐lying regions of sand with a spatially discontinuous dust layer. A multi‐instrument, multispectral approach combined with prior morphological mapping is applied here to discriminate between individual flows and determine the variation of thermophysical units on the surface. High‐resolution ConTeXt Camera and High‐Resolution Imaging Science Experiment data are used to investigate the flow surfaces and degree of mantling. Thermal Emission Imaging System and Thermal Emission Spectrometer thermal infrared data are analyzed to quantify the thermophysical variations between flows, identify surfaces with minimally mantled lava outcrops, and apply a thermophysical classification to differentiate the surface units. The results demonstrate that the observed thermal variations are due to different distributions of blocky lavas and sand infill. A majority of lava flows with rough surfaces display a diurnal and thermal inertia response indicative of a larger areal percentage of those outcrops versus that of sand and dust. This approach identifies surfaces with more exposed lava outcrops, promising targets for future composition analysis, in regions previously thought to be too dusty for such studies using thermal infrared data. Plain Language Summary Daedalia Planum contains some of the youngest and most abundant volcanic activity on Mars. The lava flows exposed here were considered too dusty for previous thermal infrared studies, but our analysis suggests that the dust is not uniform and these surfaces contain significant proportions of lava outcrops rising above low‐lying regions of sand with a discontinuous dust cover. The presence of different areal distributions of dust, sand, and lava outcrops on these flows is further supported by the unusual temperature behavior between flows as well as other studies showing that these flows have the roughest surfaces on Mars. Visible data are used to in