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Invasive Group A Streptococcal Infection and Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drug Use Among Children With Primary Varicella
To test the hypothesis that nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug use increases the risk of necrotizing soft tissue infections and, secondarily, all invasive group A streptococcal (GAS) infections in children with primary varicella infection. We conducted a prospective, multicenter case-control study a...
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| Published in: | Pediatrics (Evanston) 2001-05, Vol.107 (5), p.1108-1115 |
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| container_issue | 5 |
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| creator | Lesko, Samuel M O'Brien, Katherine L Schwartz, Benjamin Vezina, Richard Mitchell, Allen A |
| description | To test the hypothesis that nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug use increases the risk of necrotizing soft tissue infections and, secondarily, all invasive group A streptococcal (GAS) infections in children with primary varicella infection.
We conducted a prospective, multicenter case-control study among children |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1542/peds.107.5.1108 |
| format | article |
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We conducted a prospective, multicenter case-control study among children <19 years old. Cases were children hospitalized with primary varicella complicated by invasive GAS infection or necrotizing soft tissue infection identified by a network of 45 pediatric infectious disease specialists located throughout the United States. Controls were children with uncomplicated primary varicella residing in the same communities as the cases. Data on medical history, clinical features of the varicella infection, signs and symptoms of infectious complications, and medication use were collected by structured telephone interviews. Univariate and multivariate matched odds ratios were calculated using conditional logistic regression.
Between June 1996 and September 1998, 52 cases of invasive GAS infection, including 21 with necrotizing soft tissue infection, and 172 controls with uncomplicated primary varicella were enrolled. Risk of invasive GAS infection was increased among children who were nonwhite (multivariate odds ratio [OR] 3.8, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.4-11), living in low-income households (OR 5.1, 95% CI: 1.7-15), exposed to varicella at home (OR 6.4, 95% CI: 2.6-16), or had a persistent high fever (OR 9.6, 95% CI: 2.8-33). Antipyretic regimen was associated with several measures of varicella illness severity among the controls. The risk of necrotizing soft tissue infection was not associated with the use of ibuprofen before the development of signs or symptoms of this complication (OR 1.3, 95% CI: 0.33-5.3). Risk of any invasive GAS infection was increased among children who had received ibuprofen (OR 3.9, 95% CI: 1.3-12), but not acetaminophen (OR 1.2, 95% CI: 0.50-3.0). However, there was no evidence of increasing risk with increasing duration of ibuprofen use. Subgroup analyses revealed that the risk of invasive GAS infection was increased only among children who had received both acetaminophen and ibuprofen.
These data do not support the hypothesis that nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, or ibuprofen in particular, increase the risk of necrotizing GAS infections. A statistically significant association was observed between nonnecrotizing invasive GAS infection and ibuprofen use; however, because of potential confounding, the meaning of this unexpected result is unclear. Nonetheless, these data suggest that parents use ibuprofen or ibuprofen together with acetaminophen to treat high fever and severe illness, which seems to identify children at high risk for invasive GAS infection.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0031-4005</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1098-4275</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1542/peds.107.5.1108</identifier><identifier>PMID: 11331694</identifier><identifier>CODEN: PEDIAU</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Elk Grove Village, IL: Am Acad Pediatrics</publisher><subject>Acetaminophen - adverse effects ; Adolescent ; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic - adverse effects ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal - adverse effects ; Bacterial diseases ; Biological and medical sciences ; Case-Control Studies ; Chickenpox - complications ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Children & youth ; Complications and side effects ; Fasciitis, Necrotizing - etiology ; Female ; Fever - drug therapy ; Fever - etiology ; Health care ; Human bacterial diseases ; Human viral diseases ; Humans ; Ibuprofen ; Ibuprofen - adverse effects ; Infant ; Infections ; Infectious diseases ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Multivariate Analysis ; Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents ; Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ; Pediatrics ; Pharmaceuticals ; Prospective Studies ; Risk ; Risk factors ; Staphylococcal infections, streptococcal infections, pneumococcal infections ; Steroids ; Streptococcal infections ; Streptococcal Infections - etiology ; Streptococcus pyogenes ; Viral diseases ; Viral diseases with cutaneous or mucosal lesions and viral diseases of the eye</subject><ispartof>Pediatrics (Evanston), 2001-05, Vol.107 (5), p.1108-1115</ispartof><rights>2001 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2001 American Academy of Pediatrics</rights><rights>Copyright American Academy of Pediatrics May 2001</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c562t-83ec916f14a04ffc5f90de981eb303819af6bc7ce8bb540abffba837f6d144d93</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c562t-83ec916f14a04ffc5f90de981eb303819af6bc7ce8bb540abffba837f6d144d93</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=980223$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11331694$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Lesko, Samuel M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>O'Brien, Katherine L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schwartz, Benjamin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vezina, Richard</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mitchell, Allen A</creatorcontrib><title>Invasive Group A Streptococcal Infection and Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drug Use Among Children With Primary Varicella</title><title>Pediatrics (Evanston)</title><addtitle>Pediatrics</addtitle><description>To test the hypothesis that nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug use increases the risk of necrotizing soft tissue infections and, secondarily, all invasive group A streptococcal (GAS) infections in children with primary varicella infection.
We conducted a prospective, multicenter case-control study among children <19 years old. Cases were children hospitalized with primary varicella complicated by invasive GAS infection or necrotizing soft tissue infection identified by a network of 45 pediatric infectious disease specialists located throughout the United States. Controls were children with uncomplicated primary varicella residing in the same communities as the cases. Data on medical history, clinical features of the varicella infection, signs and symptoms of infectious complications, and medication use were collected by structured telephone interviews. Univariate and multivariate matched odds ratios were calculated using conditional logistic regression.
Between June 1996 and September 1998, 52 cases of invasive GAS infection, including 21 with necrotizing soft tissue infection, and 172 controls with uncomplicated primary varicella were enrolled. Risk of invasive GAS infection was increased among children who were nonwhite (multivariate odds ratio [OR] 3.8, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.4-11), living in low-income households (OR 5.1, 95% CI: 1.7-15), exposed to varicella at home (OR 6.4, 95% CI: 2.6-16), or had a persistent high fever (OR 9.6, 95% CI: 2.8-33). Antipyretic regimen was associated with several measures of varicella illness severity among the controls. The risk of necrotizing soft tissue infection was not associated with the use of ibuprofen before the development of signs or symptoms of this complication (OR 1.3, 95% CI: 0.33-5.3). Risk of any invasive GAS infection was increased among children who had received ibuprofen (OR 3.9, 95% CI: 1.3-12), but not acetaminophen (OR 1.2, 95% CI: 0.50-3.0). However, there was no evidence of increasing risk with increasing duration of ibuprofen use. Subgroup analyses revealed that the risk of invasive GAS infection was increased only among children who had received both acetaminophen and ibuprofen.
These data do not support the hypothesis that nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, or ibuprofen in particular, increase the risk of necrotizing GAS infections. A statistically significant association was observed between nonnecrotizing invasive GAS infection and ibuprofen use; however, because of potential confounding, the meaning of this unexpected result is unclear. Nonetheless, these data suggest that parents use ibuprofen or ibuprofen together with acetaminophen to treat high fever and severe illness, which seems to identify children at high risk for invasive GAS infection.</description><subject>Acetaminophen - adverse effects</subject><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Analgesics, Non-Narcotic - adverse effects</subject><subject>Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal - adverse effects</subject><subject>Bacterial diseases</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Case-Control Studies</subject><subject>Chickenpox - complications</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>Children & youth</subject><subject>Complications and side effects</subject><subject>Fasciitis, Necrotizing - etiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fever - drug therapy</subject><subject>Fever - etiology</subject><subject>Health care</subject><subject>Human bacterial diseases</subject><subject>Human viral diseases</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Ibuprofen</subject><subject>Ibuprofen - adverse effects</subject><subject>Infant</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Infectious diseases</subject><subject>Logistic Models</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Multivariate Analysis</subject><subject>Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents</subject><subject>Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs</subject><subject>Pediatrics</subject><subject>Pharmaceuticals</subject><subject>Prospective Studies</subject><subject>Risk</subject><subject>Risk factors</subject><subject>Staphylococcal infections, streptococcal infections, pneumococcal infections</subject><subject>Steroids</subject><subject>Streptococcal infections</subject><subject>Streptococcal Infections - etiology</subject><subject>Streptococcus pyogenes</subject><subject>Viral diseases</subject><subject>Viral diseases with cutaneous or mucosal lesions and viral diseases of the eye</subject><issn>0031-4005</issn><issn>1098-4275</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2001</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNpt0kFv0zAUB_AIgVg3OHNDFlx2WDo7dhrnWBUolSqGBIOj5TjPqafE7mxnsG-Pq1ZslSofYse_5MnP_yx7R_CUlKy43kIbpgRX03JKCOYvsgnBNc9ZUZUvswnGlOQM4_IsOw_hDmPMyqp4nZ0RQimZ1WySPa7sgwzmAdDSu3GL5uhH9LCNTjmlZI9WVoOKxlkkbYu-ORsieGfatDW30RirezkMMjr_iD75sUO3AdB8cLZDi43pWw8W_TZxg757M8iEfklvFPS9fJO90rIP8PbwvMhuv3z-ufiar2-Wq8V8natyVsScU1A1mWnCJGZaq1LXuIWaE2goppzUUs8aVSngTVMyLButG8lppWctYayt6UX2Yf_frXf3I4Qo7tzobSopioJTQgpSJnS1R53sQaRTueil6sCCl72zoE16Pa9YXTBOeeL5CZ5GC4NRp_zlkU8kwt_YyTEEwZfrI3p1iirX99CBSK1Z3Bzx6z1X3oXgQYvtvtGCYLGLiNhFJC0qUYpdRNIX7w_9GJsB2id_yEQCHw9AhhQB7aVVJvx3NcdFQZ8Kb0y3-WM87AoZGdPthmfTZ4X_AazQ1JU</recordid><startdate>20010501</startdate><enddate>20010501</enddate><creator>Lesko, Samuel M</creator><creator>O'Brien, Katherine L</creator><creator>Schwartz, Benjamin</creator><creator>Vezina, Richard</creator><creator>Mitchell, Allen A</creator><general>Am Acad Pediatrics</general><general>American Academy of Pediatrics</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>8GL</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>U9A</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20010501</creationdate><title>Invasive Group A Streptococcal Infection and Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drug Use Among Children With Primary Varicella</title><author>Lesko, Samuel M ; O'Brien, Katherine L ; Schwartz, Benjamin ; Vezina, Richard ; Mitchell, Allen A</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c562t-83ec916f14a04ffc5f90de981eb303819af6bc7ce8bb540abffba837f6d144d93</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2001</creationdate><topic>Acetaminophen - adverse effects</topic><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Analgesics, Non-Narcotic - adverse effects</topic><topic>Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal - adverse effects</topic><topic>Bacterial diseases</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Case-Control Studies</topic><topic>Chickenpox - complications</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Child, Preschool</topic><topic>Children & youth</topic><topic>Complications and side effects</topic><topic>Fasciitis, Necrotizing - etiology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fever - drug therapy</topic><topic>Fever - etiology</topic><topic>Health care</topic><topic>Human bacterial diseases</topic><topic>Human viral diseases</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Ibuprofen</topic><topic>Ibuprofen - adverse effects</topic><topic>Infant</topic><topic>Infections</topic><topic>Infectious diseases</topic><topic>Logistic Models</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Multivariate Analysis</topic><topic>Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents</topic><topic>Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs</topic><topic>Pediatrics</topic><topic>Pharmaceuticals</topic><topic>Prospective Studies</topic><topic>Risk</topic><topic>Risk factors</topic><topic>Staphylococcal infections, streptococcal infections, pneumococcal infections</topic><topic>Steroids</topic><topic>Streptococcal infections</topic><topic>Streptococcal Infections - etiology</topic><topic>Streptococcus pyogenes</topic><topic>Viral diseases</topic><topic>Viral diseases with cutaneous or mucosal lesions and viral diseases of the eye</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Lesko, Samuel M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>O'Brien, Katherine L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schwartz, Benjamin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vezina, Richard</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mitchell, Allen A</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: High School</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><jtitle>Pediatrics (Evanston)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Lesko, Samuel M</au><au>O'Brien, Katherine L</au><au>Schwartz, Benjamin</au><au>Vezina, Richard</au><au>Mitchell, Allen A</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Invasive Group A Streptococcal Infection and Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drug Use Among Children With Primary Varicella</atitle><jtitle>Pediatrics (Evanston)</jtitle><addtitle>Pediatrics</addtitle><date>2001-05-01</date><risdate>2001</risdate><volume>107</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>1108</spage><epage>1115</epage><pages>1108-1115</pages><issn>0031-4005</issn><eissn>1098-4275</eissn><coden>PEDIAU</coden><abstract>To test the hypothesis that nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug use increases the risk of necrotizing soft tissue infections and, secondarily, all invasive group A streptococcal (GAS) infections in children with primary varicella infection.
We conducted a prospective, multicenter case-control study among children <19 years old. Cases were children hospitalized with primary varicella complicated by invasive GAS infection or necrotizing soft tissue infection identified by a network of 45 pediatric infectious disease specialists located throughout the United States. Controls were children with uncomplicated primary varicella residing in the same communities as the cases. Data on medical history, clinical features of the varicella infection, signs and symptoms of infectious complications, and medication use were collected by structured telephone interviews. Univariate and multivariate matched odds ratios were calculated using conditional logistic regression.
Between June 1996 and September 1998, 52 cases of invasive GAS infection, including 21 with necrotizing soft tissue infection, and 172 controls with uncomplicated primary varicella were enrolled. Risk of invasive GAS infection was increased among children who were nonwhite (multivariate odds ratio [OR] 3.8, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.4-11), living in low-income households (OR 5.1, 95% CI: 1.7-15), exposed to varicella at home (OR 6.4, 95% CI: 2.6-16), or had a persistent high fever (OR 9.6, 95% CI: 2.8-33). Antipyretic regimen was associated with several measures of varicella illness severity among the controls. The risk of necrotizing soft tissue infection was not associated with the use of ibuprofen before the development of signs or symptoms of this complication (OR 1.3, 95% CI: 0.33-5.3). Risk of any invasive GAS infection was increased among children who had received ibuprofen (OR 3.9, 95% CI: 1.3-12), but not acetaminophen (OR 1.2, 95% CI: 0.50-3.0). However, there was no evidence of increasing risk with increasing duration of ibuprofen use. Subgroup analyses revealed that the risk of invasive GAS infection was increased only among children who had received both acetaminophen and ibuprofen.
These data do not support the hypothesis that nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, or ibuprofen in particular, increase the risk of necrotizing GAS infections. A statistically significant association was observed between nonnecrotizing invasive GAS infection and ibuprofen use; however, because of potential confounding, the meaning of this unexpected result is unclear. Nonetheless, these data suggest that parents use ibuprofen or ibuprofen together with acetaminophen to treat high fever and severe illness, which seems to identify children at high risk for invasive GAS infection.</abstract><cop>Elk Grove Village, IL</cop><pub>Am Acad Pediatrics</pub><pmid>11331694</pmid><doi>10.1542/peds.107.5.1108</doi><tpages>8</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Acetaminophen - adverse effects Adolescent Analgesics, Non-Narcotic - adverse effects Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal - adverse effects Bacterial diseases Biological and medical sciences Case-Control Studies Chickenpox - complications Child Child, Preschool Children & youth Complications and side effects Fasciitis, Necrotizing - etiology Female Fever - drug therapy Fever - etiology Health care Human bacterial diseases Human viral diseases Humans Ibuprofen Ibuprofen - adverse effects Infant Infections Infectious diseases Logistic Models Male Medical sciences Multivariate Analysis Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Pediatrics Pharmaceuticals Prospective Studies Risk Risk factors Staphylococcal infections, streptococcal infections, pneumococcal infections Steroids Streptococcal infections Streptococcal Infections - etiology Streptococcus pyogenes Viral diseases Viral diseases with cutaneous or mucosal lesions and viral diseases of the eye |
| title | Invasive Group A Streptococcal Infection and Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drug Use Among Children With Primary Varicella |
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