An update to the Horizontal Wind Model (HWM): The quiet time thermosphere

The Horizontal Wind Model (HWM) has been updated in the thermosphere with new observations and formulation changes. These new data are ground‐based 630 nm Fabry‐Perot Interferometer (FPI) measurements in the equatorial and polar regions, as well as cross‐track winds from the Gravity Field and Steady...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Earth and space science (Hoboken, N.J.) N.J.), 2015-07, Vol.2 (7), p.301-319
Main Authors: Drob, Douglas P., Emmert, John T., Meriwether, John W., Makela, Jonathan J., Doornbos, Eelco, Conde, Mark, Hernandez, Gonzalo, Noto, John, Zawdie, Katherine A., McDonald, Sarah E., Huba, Joe D., Klenzing, Jeff H.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Atmosphere
Atmospheric circulation
Boundary conditions
Datasets
empirical model
general circulation
General circulation models
Ionosphere
Morphology
Ocean circulation
Parameter estimation
Polar environments
quiet time
thermosphere
Water circulation
Wind
zonal average
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Summary:The Horizontal Wind Model (HWM) has been updated in the thermosphere with new observations and formulation changes. These new data are ground‐based 630 nm Fabry‐Perot Interferometer (FPI) measurements in the equatorial and polar regions, as well as cross‐track winds from the Gravity Field and Steady State Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) satellite. The GOCE wind observations provide valuable wind data in the twilight regions. The ground‐based FPI measurements fill latitudinal data gaps in the prior observational database. Construction of this reference model also provides the opportunity to compare these new measurements. The resulting update (HWM14) provides an improved time‐dependent, observationally based, global empirical specification of the upper atmospheric general circulation patterns and migrating tides. In basic agreement with existing accepted theoretical knowledge of the thermosphere general circulation, additional calculations indicate that the empirical wind specifications are self‐consistent with climatological ionosphere plasma distribution and electric field patterns. Key Points The horizontal wind model has been updated New data fill observational gaps Empirical specifications are consistent with ionospheric models
ISSN:2333-5084
2333-5084
DOI:10.1002/2014EA000089