Indoor and Outdoor Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Residences Surrounding a Söderberg Aluminum Smelter in Canada

• Published in: Environmental science & technology 2004-10, Vol.38 (20), p.5350-5356
• Main Authors: Sanderson, Eric G, Farant, J.-P
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Air Pollutants - analysis; Air Pollution, Indoor - analysis; Aluminum; Applied sciences; Atmospheric pollution; Buildings. Public works; Canada; Exact sciences and technology; Housing; Humans; Hydrocarbons; Indoor pollution and occupational exposure; Industrial plant emissions; Inhalation Exposure; Internal accounting control; Metallurgy; Outdoor air quality; Pollution; Pollution indoor buildings; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons - analysis
• ISSN: 0013-936X; 1520-5851
• DOI: 10.1021/es030715c

Ambient air in 18 residences surrounding an aluminum smelter were sampled to study the relationship between indoor and outdoor polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Objectives of the study were to quantify the indoor distribution of PAHs, indoor/outdoor (I/O) concentration ratios, and the relationship among PAH compounds. Correlation coefficients inside residences suggested an indoor source of 2−3 ring PAHs and an external source of 4−6 ring PAHs. The I/O ratios of 4−6 ring PAHs for homes without any substantial indoor sources were below unity, indicating that the presence of these PAHs was attributable to the aluminum smelter. Least squares linear regression of the coupled measurements without indoor sources of 5−6 ring PAHs resulted in average infiltration efficiencies (PPAH ) of 0.49, 0.20, and 0.47 for benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, and benzo[g,h,i]perylene, respectively. These PPAH values suggest that simultaneous measurements of indoor and outdoor concentrations of PAHs > 4 rings predominantly associated with the fine fraction of particulate matter could provide useful estimates of particle infiltration efficiency. Overall, study results indicate that when an industrial facility is the main source of outdoor 4−6 ring PAHs, the contribution of facility emissions may greatly exceed indoor sources in nonsmoking residences.