Robust ferromagnetism and half-metallicity in hydrogenated monolayer-CdS

• Published in: Physica. B, Condensed matter Condensed matter, 2019-10, Vol.570, p.209-216
• Main Authors: Rahman, Altaf Ur, Ullah, Hameed, Jamil, Asif, Iqbal, Zahid, Naveed-Ul-Haq, M.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adsorption; Axial strain; Cadmium; Compressive properties; Conductivity; Coupling; Curie temperature; Energy gap; Ferromagnetism; First principles; Hydrogenation; Magnetic properties; Metallicity; Monolayers; Polarization (spin alignment); Room temperature; Semiconductors; Tensile strain; Thermal stability; Two dimensional materials
• ISSN: 0921-4526; 1873-2135
• DOI: 10.1016/j.physb.2019.06.012

We present our work on the structural, electronic and magnetic properties of monolayer-CdS which was subjected to bi-axial strain and hydrogenation at possible adsorption sites using the first-principles calculations. The results show that both bulk-CdS and monolayer-CdS are non-magnetic direct (Γ − Γ) band-gap semiconductors. By applying a compressive strain up to −10% the monolayer-CdS remain direct band-gap semiconductor with a maximum band gap value of 2.11 eV. In contrast, a semiconductor to metal transition occurred at 17% applied tensile strain. Moreover, hydrogenation on all possible adsorption sites induces ferromagnetism and p-type conductivity in monolayer-CdS. Among all possible adsorption sites, H added on the Cd-top site is the most probable site showing strong ferromagnetism and half-metallicity. The strong ferromagnetism means 100% spin polarization is retained up to applied bi-axial strain of −5% to +15%. Also, half-metallicity is robust under the bi-axial strain in the range of −4% to +2%. To determine the strength of the exchange-coupling parameter, the FM (ferromagnetic) and AFM (anti-ferromagnetic) coupling between added atoms was investigated under the bi-axial strain of −5% to + 5%. Our findings show that H added on the Cd-top site makes it ferromagnetic and half-metallic above room temperature. The maximum Curie temperature Tc = 651.41 K is achieved at a strain of ɛ = −2% of ferromagnetic state. This high Curie temperature has not been achieved for any 2D material to-date. The present work provides a route to harness the ferromagnetism and thermal stability of 2D monolayer-CdS for electronic and spintronic applications.