Monitoring automobile fuel adulteration using ultrasound technique for environmental issues

•Ultrasound data depend on gasoline adulterant concentration and working temperature.•Ultrasound data depend linearly on adulterant concentration in the 0–50% v/v range.•Ultrasound technique allows detecting low adulterant levels up to 4.5% v/v.•Applying PCA, gasoline adulteration is detectable rega...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Measurement : journal of the International Measurement Confederation 2020-01, Vol.150, p.107004, Article 107004
Main Authors: Leghrib, Radouane, Ouacha, ElHoussaine, Zouida, Ahmed, Faiz, Bouazza, Amghar, Abdallah
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acoustic impedance
Adulteration
Ambient temperature
Automotive fuels
Backscattering
Diesel fuels
Fuel
Fuels
Gasoline
Kerosene
Measurement
Monitoring
Performance degradation
Pollution
Pollution emission
Principal component analysis
Principal components analysis
Scattering
Temperature dependence
Ultrasonic imaging
Ultrasonic methods
Ultrasonic testing
Ultrasound technique
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Summary:•Ultrasound data depend on gasoline adulterant concentration and working temperature.•Ultrasound data depend linearly on adulterant concentration in the 0–50% v/v range.•Ultrasound technique allows detecting low adulterant levels up to 4.5% v/v.•Applying PCA, gasoline adulteration is detectable regardless of ambient temperature. Fuel adulteration is a worldwide illegal practice associated with environmental pollution, engine performance degradation and government tax loss, while remaining difficult to control. With the aim of monitoring fuel quality at distribution points, a quick, simple and affordable measurement method based on ultrasound pulsed backscattering was tested towards fuel adulteration. Adulteration tests were carried out using Moroccan commercial gasoline blended with different proportions of diesel and kerosene at different temperatures. The results indicate the possibility of measuring the level of adulterant depending on the value of ultrasound speed, density and acoustic impedance, but were dependent on sample temperature. Nevertheless, subjecting the measured data to principal component analysis enabled detecting the presence and the level of kerosene and diesel in gasoline even at concentrations as low as 4.5% v/v, regardless of ambient temperature, which is especially important when conducting a routine check of fuel quality in real outdoor conditions.
ISSN:0263-2241
1873-412X
DOI:10.1016/j.measurement.2019.107004