An overlay element method for accurate dynamic deflection prediction in knits subject to ballistic impact

•The overlay element method improves prediction of knit response to ballistic impact.•Knit stretchability highlights the importance of the bending response of yarns.•Simulated slip at the target's clamped boundary reduces stress reflection.•Methods allow a better match between simulated and exp...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of impact engineering 2020-03, Vol.137, p.103457, Article 103457
Main Authors: McKee, P. Justin, Wetzel, Eric D.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Ballistic impact
Ballistic penetration
Bending
Computer simulation
Continuous fibers
Deflection
Finite element
Finite element method
Knits
Mathematical models
Penetration resistance
Projectiles
Stretchability
Terminal ballistics
Textiles
Trusses
Yarns
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Summary:•The overlay element method improves prediction of knit response to ballistic impact.•Knit stretchability highlights the importance of the bending response of yarns.•Simulated slip at the target's clamped boundary reduces stress reflection.•Methods allow a better match between simulated and experimental deflection profile. Knit textiles constructed from continuous filament high-modulus fibers provide a unique combination of in-plane stretchability with resistance to ballistic penetration. A finite element model of ballistic impact for these materials is presented that uses beam elements overlaid on top of truss elements to capture both the tensile and bending response of the comprising knitted yarns. Accurate bending behavior, in particular, is of critical importance for knits because in-plane stretching in these materials is accommodated via bending of the multifiber yarns. Model comparisons of single layer knits impacted experimentally with spherical ballistic projectiles demonstrate improved dynamic deflection predictions compared to solid element or truss element yarn representations. Additionally, slip at the clamped fabric boundary, a common feature in ballistic experiments, is shown to be significant and is effectively represented using an elastic-plastic model at the perimeter of the simulation domain.
ISSN:0734-743X
1879-3509
DOI:10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2019.103457