Insecticidal Compounds in Ricinus communis L. (Euphorbiaceae) to Control Melanaphis sacchari Zehntner (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

The sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari Zehntner (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is recognized as an important pest of sorghum cultivation. The use of natural products in the form of botanical extracts represents an alternative for its control. In this investigation, we evaluated the insecticidal activity...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Florida entomologist 2020-03, Vol.103 (1), p.91-95
Main Authors: Sotelo-Leyva, César, Salinas-Sánchez, David Osvaldo, Peña-Chora, Guadalupe, Trejo-Loyo, Adriana Gabriela, González-Cortázar, Manasés, Zamilpa, Alejandro
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aphididae
aphids
Bio-assays
Bioassays
Biological effects
Chromatography
Control
Cultivation
Euphorbiaceae
extractos de hexano
Fatty acids
Flowers & plants
Fruits
Gas chromatography
Gases
Hemiptera
hexane extracts
Insecticides
Insects
Leaves
Mass spectrometry
Mass spectroscopy
Melanaphis sacchari
Mortality
myristic acid
Natural products
NMR
Nuclear magnetic resonance
Polarity
RESEARCH PAPERS
Ricinus communis
Sorghum
Stearic acid
Sugarcane
Thin layer chromatography
Toxicity
ácido esteárico
ácido mirístico
áfidos
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Summary:The sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari Zehntner (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is recognized as an important pest of sorghum cultivation. The use of natural products in the form of botanical extracts represents an alternative for its control. In this investigation, we evaluated the insecticidal activity of hexanic, acetonic, and methanolic extracts of leaves, fruits, and roots of Ricinus communis L. (Euphorbiaceae). These were applied in contact bioassays at different concentrations to control apterous adults of M. sacchari. We found that the chemical components of lower polarity contained in the hexane extract of leaves (RcLH) produced the best biological effect, with 96% mortality at 72 h. Thin layer chromatography allowed fractions of this extract to be grouped into 7 categories (F1–F7) based on their chemical content. The F3 category produced 90% mortality at 10,000 ppm at 72 h in contact bioassays. The 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance analysis in addition to the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of F3 revealed the presence of myristic and stearic acid. Our results showed that the hexanic extracts of R. communis and their fatty acids may be an alternative for the development of new insecticides, constituting a better option in terms of effectiveness and lower toxicity compared with the synthetic products currently on the market used for their control.
ISSN:0015-4040
1938-5102
DOI:10.1653/024.103.0415