Development and Realization of Fe–C and Co–C Eutectic Fixed-Point Blackbodies for Radiation Thermometry at CSIR-NPL

• Published in: International journal of thermophysics 2020, Vol.41 (7), Article 101
• Main Authors: Pant, Umesh, Meena, Hansraj, Gupta, Gaurav, Bapna, Komal, Shivagan, D. D.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Apertures; Blackbody; Carbon; Classical Mechanics; Cobalt; Condensed Matter Physics; Copper; Crucibles; Diameters; Eutectic temperature; Freezing; Geophysics; Gold; High temperature; Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering; Ingots; Iron; Melting points; Phase transitions; Physical Chemistry; Physics; Physics and Astronomy; Radiance; Reproducibility; Robustness; Silver; Temperature; Temperature measurement; Thermodynamics; Thermometry; Uncertainty
• ISSN: 0195-928X; 1572-9567
• DOI: 10.1007/s10765-020-02682-z

A series of metal–carbon (M–C) eutectics with robust reproducible melting phase transitions are evolving as the reference high-temperature fixed-points up to 3000 °C for radiation thermometry. The mise - en - pratique prepared for the realization and dissemination of new kelvin allows the use of set of M-C blackbody fixed-points or a combination of M-C fixed-points along with silver (Ag), gold (Au) or copper (Cu) blackbodies for the direct measurement of thermodynamic temperatures at high-temperature range. The iron–carbon (Fe–C) [1153 °C] and cobalt–carbon (Co–C) [1324 °C] fixed-point cells are the doorway to high temperature above a copper fixed-point. This paper describes the in-house development of Fe–C and Co–C eutectic graphite crucible blackbodies and their realizations by linear spectral pyrometer (LP4, 650 nm) at CSIR-NPL, National Metrology Institute (NMI) of India. The novel design and assembly approaches were employed to fabricate the blackbody crucibles with 120 o inner-well cone, 100 mm ingot length and 8 mm aperture diameter with 0.9997 emissivity and robust thermo-mechanical stability. The eutectic ingots were prepared by multiple fillings of the homogeneously ground and mixed powders with 4.2 and 2.6 weight percentage of carbon in Fe and Co, respectively. Repeatability of measured melting plateau and uncertainty of the temperature measurement for both Fe–C and Co–C cells are presented. The ITS-90 temperatures ( T 90 ) to these M-C fixed-points were assigned by a spectral radiance ratio measurement (Planck’s Law) relative to the freezing point of Ag [961.78 °C]. The T 90 temperatures thus determined for Fe–C and Co–C blackbody fixed-point cells are 1154.05 °C and 1323.93 °C with the expanded uncertainty of 0.37 °C and 0.50 °C, respectively.