Nitrogen dioxide and acute respiratory tract infections in children in Indonesia

• Published in: Archives of environmental & occupational health 2020-07, Vol.75 (5), p.274-280
• Main Authors: Suryadhi, Made Ayu Hitapretiwi, Abudureyimu, Kawuli, Kashima, Saori, Yorifuji, Takashi
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acute respiratory infection; Air pollution; Birth weight; Children; Confidence intervals; Estimation; Exposure; Health risks; infant death; Infant mortality; Infections; Low birth weight; low birth weight (LBW); neonatal death; Neonates; Nitrogen dioxide; Regression models; Respiratory tract; Respiratory tract diseases; Respiratory tract infection; Risk; Statistical analysis; Sulfur; Sulfur dioxide
• ISSN: 1933-8244; 2154-4700
• DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2019.1631245

We evaluated associations between air pollution (nitrogen dioxide [NO 2 ] and sulfur dioxide [SO 2 ]) and health in children aged 0-3 years in Indonesia. We included 4931 Indonesian children born between 2009 and 2011. We assigned participants provincial-levels of NO 2 and SO 2 and examined associations with low birth weight, infant death, neonatal death, and acute respiratory infection (ARI). We estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using a generalized estimating equations logistic regression model. NO 2 exposure increased the risk for ARI. An interquartile range increase in mean NO 2 exposure increased the risk for ARI by 18% (OR 1.18, 95% CI: 1.08-1.28), and was supported by quartile exposure category. SO 2 was not associated with the examined child health outcomes. NO 2 exposure increased the risk for respiratory infections in early childhood in Indonesia. Abbreviations ARI acute respiratory infection CI confidence interval GDRB Gross Domestic Regional Bruto GEE generalized estimating equations IDHS Indonesian Demographic Health Survey IQR interquartile range LBW low birth weight NO 2 nitrogen dioxide OR odds ratio SO 2 sulfur dioxide