Overcoming the Unfavorable Kinetics of Na3V2(PO4)2F3//SnPx Full‐Cell Sodium‐Ion Batteries for High Specific Energy and Energy Efficiency

In this work, a full‐cell sodium‐ion battery (SIB) with a high specific energy approaching 300 Wh kg−1 is realized using a sodium vanadium fluorophosphate (Na3V2(PO4)2F3, NVPF) cathode and a tin phosphide (SnPx) anode, despite both electrode materials having greatly unbalanced specific capacities. T...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Advanced functional materials 2020-08, Vol.30 (31), p.n/a
Main Authors: Song, Hayong, Eom, KwangSup
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Anodes
Cathodes
Electrode materials
Energy efficiency
full‐cell sodium‐ion battery
high mass loading
high specific energy
Lithium-ion batteries
Materials science
Na3V2(PO4)2F3 composite cathode
Nanostructure
Phosphides
Porosity
Rechargeable batteries
Sodium-ion batteries
Specific energy
Tin
tin phosphide composite anode
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Summary:In this work, a full‐cell sodium‐ion battery (SIB) with a high specific energy approaching 300 Wh kg−1 is realized using a sodium vanadium fluorophosphate (Na3V2(PO4)2F3, NVPF) cathode and a tin phosphide (SnPx) anode, despite both electrode materials having greatly unbalanced specific capacities. The use of a cathode employing an areal loading more than eight times larger than that of the anode can be achieved by designing a nanostructured nanosized NVPF (n‐NVPF) cathode with well‐defined particle size, porosity, and conductivity. Furthermore, the high rate capability and high potential window of the full‐cell can be obtained by tuning the Sn/P ratio (4/3, 1/1, and 1/2) and the nanostructure of an SnPx/carbon composite anode. As a result, the full‐cell SIBs employing the nanostructured n‐NVPF cathode and the SnPx/carbon composite anode (Sn/P = 1/1) exhibit outstanding specific energy (≈280 Wh kg−1(cathode+anode)) and energy efficiency (≈78%); furthermore, the results are comparable to those of state‐of‐the‐art lithium‐ion batteries. Full‐cell sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) employing a Na3V2(PO4)2F3 cathode and a tin phosphide (SnPx) anode are demonstrated. To address the problematic issue of unfavorable kinetics in both electrodes, a rational strategy including a nanocomposite design and composition tuning are used. As a result, the full‐cell SIBs exhibit a high specific energy (280 Wh kg−1) and energy efficiency (78%).
ISSN:1616-301X
1616-3028
DOI:10.1002/adfm.202003086