Synthesis of highly stable Fe/FeOx@citrate colloids with strong magnetic response by mechanochemistry and coprecipitation for biomedical and environmental applications

•Iron cores of 30–40 nm are produced easily by a suitable mechano-chemical process.•Cores are coated with a thin iron oxide shell by chemical coprecipitation.•Core/shell particles are functionalized with Na Citrate to provide colloid stability.•Iron cores provide the nanomaterial with a high saturat...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials 2020-08, Vol.508, p.166759, Article 166759
Main Authors: Muñoz Medina, G.A., Fernández van Raap, M.B., Coral, D.F., Muraca, D., Sánchez, F.H.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biocompatibility
Biomedical and environmental remediation applications
Biomedical materials
Chemical coprecipitation
Colloiding
Coprecipitation
Core/shell magnetic nanoparticles
Exothermic reactions
Ferric chloride
High colloidal stability
High magnetization saturation
Iron chlorides
Iron oxides
Magnetic saturation
Mechanosynthesis
Nanoparticles
Sodium citrate
Time dependence
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Summary:•Iron cores of 30–40 nm are produced easily by a suitable mechano-chemical process.•Cores are coated with a thin iron oxide shell by chemical coprecipitation.•Core/shell particles are functionalized with Na Citrate to provide colloid stability.•Iron cores provide the nanomaterial with a high saturation magnetization.•Aqueous colloids are stable for more than three years. We present a simple, scalable, and low-cost route for producing aqueous colloids of nanometer size Fe cores coated with iron oxide and stabilized with sodium citrate. The Fe cores were obtained by mechanosynthesis by means of a highly exothermic solid-state reaction between FeCl3 and Mg, in a dispersive inert NaCl medium. The optimal experimental conditions for achieving a full reaction were determined with a Retsch 2000 oscillatory mill. Then the production yield was successfully 16-fold scaled using a rotatory Fritsch Pulverissete 7 mill. To provide biocompatibility and facilitate colloid stabilization, the Fe cores were coated with a Fe-oxide shell produced by chemical coprecipitation, and finally, the system Fe/FeOx was functionalized with sodium citrate in water. The so-obtained Fe/FeOx@Cit (4/3 
ISSN:0304-8853
1873-4766
DOI:10.1016/j.jmmm.2020.166759