Safety assessment for EU DEMO – Achievements and open issues in view of a generic site safety report

• Published in: Fusion engineering and design 2020-06, Vol.155, p.111541, Article 111541
• Main Authors: Porfiri, Maria Teresa, Taylor, Neill, Ciattaglia, Sergio, Jin, Xue Zhou, Johnston, Jane, Colling, Bethany, Eade, Tim, Carloni, Dario, Pinna, Tonio, Urbonavicius, Egidijus, Vale, Robert, Volkanovski, Andrija, Caruso, Gianfranco
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Accidents; ALARA; DEMO; Fusion power plant; Generic site safety report; Human resources; Licenses; Licensing; Nuclear engineering; Nuclear fusion; Nuclear power plants; Nuclear safety; Power plants
• ISSN: 0920-3796; 1873-7196
• DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2020.111541

•The European DEMO fusion reactor project needs the support of a Generic Site Safety Report (GSSR) waiting for a location.•The safety principles and approach together with the safety requirements, limits and guidelines are defined in DEMO GSSR.•A limited set of accidents has been identified and studied following the evolution of the design.•Open issues remain for the definition of the source terms, the occupational safety and the waste inventory assessment.•A R&D planning supports the GSSR completion The way to arrive at a licensing phase for a nuclear fusion installation is not straightforward mainly because of the lack of operating experience and of dedicated nuclear regulations. In fact, only small/medium experimental facilities exist with limited licensing processes and only one large experiment, ITER, has obtained a construction license. Therefore, the safety assessment and the preparation of the preliminary safety report is almost a first of a kind for DEMO. Taking advantage of the fission power plants experience and considering to the maximum extent the ITER safety studies, the preparation of a Generic Site Safety Report (GSSR) has begun. It will require some years to be completed; however currently, at the starting point, the strategy to develop it is clear and well defined. This paper considers all the safety issues that will be included in the GSSR because they have been clarified in the frame of the European Workprogramme for DEMO from 2014 up to 2018, and should not be modified in the future, such as the safety requirements for the plant and the systems, the tools to be used for the safety assessment, the procedures for the selection of the reference accidents, and so on. Together with these topics, considered as goals achieved, there are others for which an additional effort is necessary because they do not cover all the expected requirements of the likely licensing procedures applicable for DEMO. A complete spectrum of Design Basis Accidents and Beyond Design Basis Accidents that can determine the risk of releases from the main systems of the power plant is still incomplete together with the safety classification of most of the Structures, Systems and Components, and the feasibility and analyses of some accident mitigation systems. The outcome of this study is the quantification, when possible, of the gap between the results achieved and the goals established in the power plant guidelines. It will help also to qualify the effort required in t