Efficient Convolution Neural Networks for Object Tracking Using Separable Convolution and Filter Pruning

• Published in: IEEE access 2019, Vol.7, p.106466-106474
• Main Authors: Mao, Yuanhong, He, Zhanzhuang, Ma, Zhong, Tang, Xuehan, Wang, Zhuping
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Artificial neural networks; Computation; Computer vision; Convolution; Deep learning; Embedded systems; Feature extraction; filter pruning; Information filtering; Neural networks; Object tracking; Parameters; Pruning; separable convolution; Tracking
• ISSN: 2169-3536; 2169-3536
• DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2932733

Object tracking based on deep learning is a hot topic in computer vision with many applications. Due to high computation and memory costs, it is difficult to deploy convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for object tracking on embedded systems with limited hardware resources. This paper uses the Siamese network to construct the backbone of our tracker. The convolution layers used to extract features often have the highest costs, so more improvements should be focused on them to make the tracking more efficient. In this paper, the standard convolution is optimized by the separable convolution, which mainly includes a depthwise convolution and a pointwise convolution. To further reduce the calculation, filters in the depthwise convolution layer are pruned with filters variance. As there are different weight distributions in convolution layers, the filter pruning is guided by a hyper-parameter designed. With the improvements, the number of parameters is decreased to 13% of the original network and the computation is reduced to 23%. On the NVIDIA Jetson TX2, the tracking speed increased to 3.65 times on the CPU and 2.08 times on the GPU, without significant degradation of tracking performance in VOT benchmark.