Conserved Upstream Open Reading Frame Nascent Peptides That Control Translation

Cells utilize transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms to alter gene expression in response to environmental cues. Gene-specific controls, including changing the translation of specific messenger RNAs (mRNAs), provide a rapid means to respond precisely to different conditions. Upstream ope...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Annual review of genetics 2020-11, Vol.54 (1), p.237-264
Main Authors: Dever, Thomas E, Ivanov, Ivaylo P, Sachs, Matthew S
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bacteria
Eukaryotes
Fungi
Gene expression
Metabolites
nascent peptide
Open reading frames
Peptides
Post-transcription
protein synthesis
ribosome
Ribosomes
Stalling
Translation
translation stalling
uCC
uORF
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Summary:Cells utilize transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms to alter gene expression in response to environmental cues. Gene-specific controls, including changing the translation of specific messenger RNAs (mRNAs), provide a rapid means to respond precisely to different conditions. Upstream open reading frames (uORFs) are known to control the translation of mRNAs. Recent studies in bacteria and eukaryotes have revealed the functions of evolutionarily conserved uORF-encoded peptides. Some of these uORF-encoded nascent peptides enable responses to specific metabolites to modulate the translation of their mRNAs by stalling ribosomes and through ribosome stalling may also modulate the level of their mRNAs. In this review, we highlight several examples of conserved uORF nascent peptides that stall ribosomes to regulate gene expression in response to specific metabolites in bacteria, fungi, mammals, and plants.
ISSN:0066-4197
1545-2948
DOI:10.1146/annurev-genet-112618-043822