Countering network poverty as a precursor to gang membership: bridging and social capital through temporary migration research and practice

• Published in: Journal of criminological research, policy and practice (Online) policy and practice (Online), 2020-11, Vol.6 (4), p.269-283
• Main Authors: Hesketh, Robert Francis, Box, Rachael
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Gangs; Middle class; Migration; Poverty; Recruitment; School dropouts; Social capital; Social research; Working class
• ISSN: 2056-3841; 2056-385X
• DOI: 10.1108/JCRPP-01-2020-0003

PurposeThis paper aims to disseminate previous street gang research by Hesketh (2018) and the ongoing practice of Box (2015) in countering network poverty as a precursor to gang membership through bridging/social mixing.FindingsThe findings draw attention to the considerable amount of research, media reports and government policy that has intensified and pathologised the issue of gang membership and its causes in the UK. Moreover, they identify the effects of marginalisation and limited opportunity as the main protagonists and highlight how young disenfranchised people some more resilient than others cope with growing up in areas void of legitimate life choices and positive networks. In particular, the study finds evidence that bridging and the resulting social mixing as a result of temporary migration was highly significant in the decision to conform, desist or abstain from gang membership.Research limitations/implicationsLiverpool study involved males only (need to examine females within the Merseyside area) although London practice addresses both young men and women. The paper highlights the impact of bridging as an intervention in countering network poverty and friendship networks restricted to marginalised environments, leaving many young people vulnerable to gang involvement, knife and youth crime.Practical implicationsImpact of bridging on young people in the development of good social capital is as follows: it highlights actual practice of findings in deterring young people away from gangs and criminality; it highlights the need for more interventions aimed at bridging communities; and it identifies the need for interventions around young disenfranchised people (social intelligence).Social implicationsThe evidence suggests that interventions involving bridging both internally and externally can be instrumental in developing policy that aims to deter young people away from street crime.Originality/valueThe paper attempts to provide originality in highlighting a process that has not been fully implemented within current policy involving young disenfranchised people, gangs and violence.