Two-Level Free-Form and Axial Deformation for Exploratory Aerodynamic Shape Optimization

An intuitive shape parameterization and control technique suitable for high-fidelity aerodynamic shape optimization is presented. It relies on the principles of free-form and axial deformation, enabling thorough exploration of the design space while keeping the number of design variables manageable....

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:AIAA journal 2015-07, Vol.53 (7), p.2015-2026
Main Authors: Gagnon, Hugo, Zingg, David W
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aerodynamics
Aerospace engineering
Deformation
Design optimization
Drag
Drag reduction
Elastic deformation
Euler-Lagrange equation
Free form
Inclusions
Optimization
Parameterization
Parametrization
Shape optimization
Transonic speed
Wing tips
Winglets
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Summary:An intuitive shape parameterization and control technique suitable for high-fidelity aerodynamic shape optimization is presented. It relies on the principles of free-form and axial deformation, enabling thorough exploration of the design space while keeping the number of design variables manageable. Surface sensitivities to the design variables are readily available; their inclusion in a highly efficient and robust adjoint-based optimization methodology involving linearly elastic volume mesh deformation and a Newton–Krylov solver for the Euler equations is described. The flexibility of the proposed approach is demonstrated through the exploratory shape optimization of a three-pronged feathered winglet, leading to a span efficiency of 1.19 under a height-to-span ratio constraint of 0.1, and an optimization of a regional jet wing at transonic speed where a winglet is allowed to develop starting from a planar wingtip extension, leading to an 18.8% reduction in drag.
ISSN:0001-1452
1533-385X
DOI:10.2514/1.J053575