Profiles of wheat rhizobacterial communities in response to repeated glyphosate applications, crop rotation, and tillage

• Published in: Canadian Journal of Soil Science 2021-03, Vol.101 (1), p.157-167
• Main Authors: Lupwayi, Newton Z., Fernandez, Myriam R., Kanashiro, Derrick A., Petri, Renee M.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Abundance; Acidobacteria; Actinobacteria; Agricultural practices; Alphaproteobacteria; Armatimonadetes; Bacilli; Bacillus; Bacteroidetes; Beans; Biological diversity; blé dur; Cell culture; Chemical pest control; Composition; Conservation tillage; Crop rotation; Cropping systems; Crops; diversité de la microflore du sol; durum wheat; Factorial design; Firmicutes; Gammaproteobacteria; Genetic engineering; Genetically modified crops; Glyphosate; Herbicide resistance; Herbicides; Legumes; Microbial activity; Microorganisms; Mimosaceae; Monoculture; No-tillage; Nutrient cycles; Pest control; Pisum sativum; Proteobacteria; pyrosequencing; pyroséquençage; Relative abundance; Rhizosphere; Seeding; Semifabricated products; soil microbial diversity; Soil microbiology; Soil microorganisms; Soils; Technology application; Tillage; Transgenic plants; travail de conservation du sol; Triticum turgidum; Verrucomicrobia; Wheat
• ISSN: 0008-4271; 1918-1841; 1918-1833
• DOI: 10.1139/cjss-2020-0008

Due to widespread adoption of no-till management and use of glyphosate-resistant transgenic crops, glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide worldwide. However, its effect on soil microbial communities is inconsistent. We studied the effects of glyphosate, tillage, and crop rotation on the diversity and composition of soil bacterial communities in wheat (Triticum turgidum var. durum Desf.) rhizosphere after 6 and 7 yr of glyphosate applications. In a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design, there were two crop rotation treatments: continuous wheat (W–W) and wheat in rotation with field pea (Pisum sativum L.) (P–W); two tillage treatments: minimum tillage (MT) and no-till (NT); and two glyphosate treatments: no application or pre-seeding application at the recommended rate. None of the treatments affected wheat rhizobacterial α-diversity or the relative abundances of most bacterial groups. The most abundant phyla were Proteobacteria (25.1% relative abundance), Actinobacteria (21.7%), Acidobacteria (8.7%), Bacteroidetes (5.9%), Firmicutes (1.4%), Armatimonadetes (1.3%), and Verrucomicrobia (1.2%). Glyphosate reduced the relative abundance of Alphaproteobacteria in W–W rotation but increased it in P–W rotation, and it reduced the relative abundance of Opitutus spp. The W–W rotation had greater relative abundances of the classes Bacilli (Firmicutes) and Gammaproteobacteria, and genera Bacillus and Opitutus (Verrucomicrobia), than the P–W rotation. Compared with MT, NT increased the relative abundance of the phylum candidate division WPS-1, but it reduced that of Phenylobacterium spp. in W–W rotation. These treatment effects probably had implications for soil functioning, including nutrient cycling and biological disease/pest control.