Multi‐Ions Electrolyte Enabled High Performance Voltage Tailorable Room‐Temperature Ca‐Metal Batteries

Calcium metal batteries, as one of the promising alternatives beyond Li‐metal technology, is held back by the lack of suitable cathodes of considerable energy storage capability, and Ca anodes of long‐term stability and lower polarization potentials for Ca‐plating/stripping. Here, by recycling cellu...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Advanced energy materials 2021-03, Vol.11 (10), p.n/a
Main Authors: Song, Huawei, Su, Jian, Wang, Chengxin
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Anodic polarization
Calcium ions
calcium metal
Cathodes
Electric potential
Electrode polarization
Electrolytes
Energy storage
Flux density
Lithium
muti‐ions
Plating
rechargeable batteries
relay insertion/extraction
Stability
Storage batteries
Stripping
tailorable window voltage
Voltage
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Summary:Calcium metal batteries, as one of the promising alternatives beyond Li‐metal technology, is held back by the lack of suitable cathodes of considerable energy storage capability, and Ca anodes of long‐term stability and lower polarization potentials for Ca‐plating/stripping. Here, by recycling cellulose waste paper, feasible cathodes for Ca‐metal batteries of good high‐voltage and wide‐window‐voltage adaptability (0.005–4.9 V versus Ca/Ca2+), and impressive energy density (≈517.5 Wh kg−1 at 0.1 A g−1) are developed. Meanwhile, through tailorable Ca‐plating/stripping potentials (∆V ≈ 0.65 V) realized by a modified electrolyte of Li+, Ca2+, BF4−, and PF6− multi‐ions system, the proof‐of‐concept Ca‐metal batteries not only delivered enhanced storage capability (101 mAh g−1 versus 51 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 in the window voltage of 2.0–4.7 V) and cycling stability (≈77% capacity retention for 100 cycles), but also simultaneously show a high output average working voltage of ≈3.2 V. The work provides a hint that mixed metal deposition under multi‐ions electrolyte system may address the challenging issues faced by single alkali or alkaline‐earth metal batteries. Voltage tailorable room‐temperature Ca‐metal batteries with high voltage stability up to 4.7 V, wide window voltage adaptability of 0.005–4.9 V vs. Ca/Ca2+, and impressive energy density of ≈517.5 Wh kg−1 at 0.1 A g−1 are realized through a multi‐ions electrolyte optimization strategy with cellulose waste paper derived graphitic carbon cathodes.
ISSN:1614-6832
1614-6840
DOI:10.1002/aenm.202003685