Proton-electron mass ratio by high-resolution optical spectroscopy of ion ensembles in the resolved-carrier regime

• Published in: arXiv.org 2021-08
• Main Authors: Kortunov, I V, Alighanbari, S, Hansen, M G, Giri, G S, Korobov, V I, Schiller, S
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Atomic structure; Electron mass; Hydrogen ions; Infrared lasers; Infrared spectra; Laser beams; Laser cooling; Lasers; Molecular ions; Molecular structure; Photons; Protons; Spectrum analysis; Transit time; Trapped particles; Uncertainty; Vapor phases
• ISSN: 2331-8422
• DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2103.11741

Optical spectroscopy in the gas phase is a key tool to elucidate the structure of atoms and molecules and of their interaction with external fields. The line resolution is usually limited by a combination of first-order Doppler broadening due to particle thermal motion and of a short transit time through the excitation beam. For trapped particles, suitable laser cooling techniques can lead to strong confinement (Lamb-Dicke regime, LDR) and thus to optical spectroscopy free of these effects. For non-laser coolable spectroscopy ions, this has so far only been achieved when trapping one or two atomic ions, together with a single laser-coolable atomic ion [1,2]. Here we show that one-photon optical spectroscopy free of Doppler and transit broadening can also be obtained with more easily prepared ensembles of ions, if performed with mid-infrared radiation. We demonstrate the method on molecular ions. We trap approximately 100 molecular hydrogen ions (HD\(^{+}\)) within a Coulomb cluster of a few thousand laser-cooled atomic ions and perform laser spectroscopy of the fundamental vibrational transition. Transition frequencies were determined with lowest uncertainty of 3.3\(\times\)10\(^{-12}\) fractionally. As an application, we determine the proton-electron mass ratio by matching a precise ab initio calculation with the measured vibrational frequency.