Speciation, toxicity, microbial remediation and phytoremediation of soil chromium contamination

Contamination of soil by toxic chromium (Cr) is a rising health issue due to over-exploitation and industrial production. Toxicity can be decreased by bioremediation because some microorganisms are able to convert highly toxic hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) into less toxic trivalent chromium Cr(III) by...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental chemistry letters 2021-04, Vol.19 (2), p.1413-1431
Main Authors: Guo, Shuyu, Xiao, Chunqiao, Zhou, Na, Chi, Ruan
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Analytical Chemistry
Bioremediation
Body organs
Cell walls
Chromate reductase
Chromates
Chromium
Earth and Environmental Science
Ecotoxicology
Environment
Environmental Chemistry
Exploitation
Geochemistry
Hexavalent chromium
Industrial production
Microorganisms
Organs
Phytoremediation
Plant organs
Pollution
Reductases
Remediation
Review
Soil
Soil contamination
Soil pollution
Soil remediation
Soils
Speciation
Toxicity
Trivalent chromium
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Summary:Contamination of soil by toxic chromium (Cr) is a rising health issue due to over-exploitation and industrial production. Toxicity can be decreased by bioremediation because some microorganisms are able to convert highly toxic hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) into less toxic trivalent chromium Cr(III) by secreting chromate reductase. Moreover, microorganisms are able to remove Cr by adsorption on microbial cell walls. Plants can also be used for phytoremediation by uptaking Cr from soil into plant organs. Here, we review the speciation of Cr in soil, remediation methods to remove Cr, bioremediation challenges, and remaining ecological impacts after bioremediation. We present the mechanisms of microbial remediation, phytoremediation and plant–microbial combined remediation and applications.
ISSN:1610-3653
1610-3661
DOI:10.1007/s10311-020-01114-6