Saudi Arabia's sustainable tourism development model: New empirical insights

The study extended the conventional Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model into the lead model, supported with a partial adjustment model and adaptive expectation model. The ARDL‐LEAD modelling is applied to Saudi Arabia's tourism industry to assess the country's environmental sustain...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:International social science journal 2021-03, Vol.71 (239-240), p.109-124
Main Authors: Iswan, Khan, Aqeel, Kadir, Firdaus Khairi Abdul, Jabor, Mohd Khata, Anis, Siti Nisrin Mohd, Zaman, Khalid
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Air pollution
Analysis
Carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide emissions
Causality
Economic growth
Emissions
Emissions trading
Environmental Kuznets curve
Environmental protection
Hypotheses
Kuznets curve
Openness
Pollution
Sales promotions
Sustainability
Sustainable development
Sustainable tourism
Time series
Tourism
Tourism development
Travel industry
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:The study extended the conventional Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model into the lead model, supported with a partial adjustment model and adaptive expectation model. The ARDL‐LEAD modelling is applied to Saudi Arabia's tourism industry to assess the country's environmental sustainability agenda (ESA) by using monthly time series data from 1995M01‐2018M12. The short‐run results confirmed the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis with the lag variables, while the U‐shaped relationship was found between economic growth (EG) and CO2 emissions with the leads variable. The inbound tourism and trade openness (TOP) decrease CO2 emissions at the lead factor in the short‐run. The long‐run relationship verified the U‐shaped relationship between EG and CO2 emissions, while TOP openness increases CO2 emissions to substantiate 'pollution haven hypothesis (PHH)' in a country. The Wald Granger causality shows the different variations at the current period and forecasted estimates. The Granger estimates at the current level confirmed the growth‐led emissions (GLE), tourism‐led emissions (TLE), and tourism‐led growth (TLG) hypotheses, while at forecast estimates, the results substantiate the TLE and emissions‐led growth (ELD) hypotheses in a country.
ISSN:0020-8701
1468-2451
DOI:10.1111/issj.12261