The GEOMON network of Czech catchments provides long‐term insights into altered forest biogeochemistry: From acid atmospheric deposition to climate change

In 1994, a network of small catchments (GEOMON) was established in the Czech Republic to determine input–output element fluxes in semi‐natural forest ecosystems recovering from anthropogenic acidification. The network consists from 16 catchments and the primary observations of elements fluxes were c...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Hydrological processes 2021-05, Vol.35 (5), p.n/a
Main Authors: Oulehle, Filip, Fischer, Milan, Hruška, Jakub, Chuman, Tomáš, Krám, Pavel, Navrátil, Tomáš, Tesař, Miroslav, Trnka, Miroslav
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acidification
Aluminium
Aluminum
Ammonia
Anions
Anthropogenic factors
Atmospheric pollution deposition
Bark
Biogeochemistry
Catchment area
Catchments
Cations
Climate change
Decline
Deposition
Dissolved organic carbon
Drought
Drought effects
Ecosystem management
Ecosystems
Environmental changes
Environmental monitoring
Eutrophication
Evaporation
Fluxes
forest ecosystem
Forest ecosystems
Forest management
Forests
Human influences
Hydrologic cycle
Hydrological cycle
Leaching
Nitrates
Nitrogen
Nitrogen compounds
Nitrogen oxides
Organic carbon
pH effects
Phosphorus
Precipitation
Recovery
Runoff
Soil
Soils
Strategic management
stream
Stream flow
Sulfur
Sulfur dioxide
sulphur
Temporal variations
Throughfall
Transpiration
Vegetation
Water balance
Water balance components
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Summary:In 1994, a network of small catchments (GEOMON) was established in the Czech Republic to determine input–output element fluxes in semi‐natural forest ecosystems recovering from anthropogenic acidification. The network consists from 16 catchments and the primary observations of elements fluxes were complemented by monitoring of biomass stock, element pools in soil and vegetation, and the main water balance components. Over last three decades, reductions of SO2, NOx and NH3 emissions were followed by sulphur (S) and nitrogen (N) deposition reductions of 75% and 30%, respectively. Steeper declines of strong acid anion concentrations compared to cations (Ca, Mg, Na, K, NH4) in precipitation resulted in precipitation pH increase from 4.5 to 5.2 in bulk precipitation and from 4.0 to 5.1 in spruce throughfall. Stream chemistry responded to changes in deposition: S leaching declined. However at majority of catchments soils acted as a net source of S to runoff, delaying recovery. Stream pH increased at acidic streams (pH 
ISSN:0885-6087
1099-1085
DOI:10.1002/hyp.14204