Comparison of Socio-Economic Status and Macronutrient Intake between Household with and without Double Burden of Malnutrition

• Published in: Annals of nutrition and metabolism 2019-01, Vol.75, p.354
• Main Authors: Rachmah, Qonita, Mahmudiono, Trias
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Body height; Body mass index; Body size; Body weight; Children; Coexistence; Developing countries; Diet; Economics; Food; Heat affected zone; Households; LDCs; Malnutrition; Nutrition; Obesity; Overweight; Proteins; Regression analysis; Risk factors; Risk reduction; Socioeconomics
• ISSN: 0250-6807; 1421-9697
• DOI: 10.1159/000501751

Background/Aims: Double burden malnutrition (DBM) is prevalent in developing countries, including Indonesia due to nutrition transition. This study aimed to compare socio-economic status and macronutrient intake between households with and without double burden of malnutrition. Methods: This was crosssectional study involving 428 mothers proportionally chosen from 16 Integrated health post (Posyandu) in Surabaya, East Java Province, Indonesia. Each household were categorized into two groups based on mother's body mass index (BMI) and child's height-forage z-score (HAZ); households without DBM and household with DBM. DBM was defined as coexistence between overweight/obese mother and stunted children in one household. Macronutrient intake was obtained using repeated 24 hr food recall and socio-economic status was measured using structured questionnaire. Data on socio economic status were: mother's educational level, mother's occupation, household income, and food expenditure. Results: The prevalence of household with double burden of malnutrition was 27.5%; while 12.4% children were stunted and 45.6% mothers were overweight/obese. Logistic regression analysis showed that there was significant different in mother's education level (p = 0.001; OR = 0.672; 95% CI = 0.531–0.852), mother's occupation (p = 0.042; OR = 0.632; 95% CI = 0.380–1.051), protein intake of the children (p = 0.022; OR = 0.971; 95% CI = 0.947– 0.996), and fat intake of the mother (p = 0.000; OR = 1.000; 95% CI = 0.978–1.002) between households with and without double burden of malnutrition. Conclusion: It is imperative to improve mother's knowledge related to adequate protein and fat intake to reduce the risk of double burden of malnutrition.