Immunoregulation of Macrophages by Controlling Winding and Unwinding of Nanohelical Ligands

• Published in: Advanced functional materials 2021-09, Vol.31 (37), p.n/a
• Main Authors: Bae, Gunhyu, Jeon, Yoo Sang, Ko, Min Jun, Kim, Yuri, Han, Seong‐Beom, Thangam, Ramar, Kim, Wonsik, Jung, Hee Joon, Lee, Sungkyu, Choi, Hyojun, Min, Sunhong, Hong, Hyunsik, Park, Sangwoo, Kim, Seong Yeol, Patel, Kapil D., Li, Na, Shin, Jeong Eun, Park, Bum Chul, Park, Hyeon Su, Moon, Jun Hwan, Kim, Yu Jin, Sukumar, Uday Kumar, Song, Jae‐Jun, Kim, Soo Young, Yu, Seung‐Ho, Kang, Yun Chan, Park, Steve, Han, Seung Min, Kim, Dong‐Hwee, Lee, Ki‐Bum, Wei, Qiang, Bian, Liming, Paulmurugan, Ramasamy, Kim, Young Keun, Kang, Heemin
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adhesion; adhesion assembly; Biocompatibility; Glass substrates; Ligands; macrophage polarization; Macrophages; Materials science; nanohelix motion; Permanent magnets; Polarization; Remote control; remote manipulation; reversible ligand unwinding; Silicon substrates; Winding
• ISSN: 1616-301X; 1616-3028
• DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202103409

Developing materials with the capability of changing their innate features can help to unravel direct interactions between cells and ligand‐displaying features. This study demonstrates the grafting of magnetic nanohelices displaying cell‐adhesive Arg‐Gly‐Asp (RGD) ligand partly to a material surface. These enable nanoscale control of rapid winding (“W”) and unwinding (“UW”) of their nongrafted portion, such as directional changes in nanohelix unwinding (lower, middle, and upper directions) by changing the position of a permanent magnet while keeping the ligand‐conjugated nanohelix surface area constant. The unwinding (“UW”) setting cytocompatibility facilitates direct integrin recruitment onto the ligand‐conjugated nanohelix to mediate the development of paxillin adhesion assemblies of macrophages that stimulate M2 polarization using glass and silicon substrates for in vitro and in vivo settings, respectively, at a single cell level. Real time and in vivo imaging are demonstrated that nanohelices exhibit reversible unwinding, winding, and unwinding settings, which modulate time‐resolved adhesion and polarization of macrophages. It is envisaged that this remote, reversible, and cytocompatible control can help to elucidate molecular‐level cell–material interactions that modulate regenerative/anti‐inflammatory immune responses to implants. The use of ligand‐presenting nanohelices is reported that are partly grafted to a material surface to enable magnetic field‐controlled unwinding and winding of their nongrafted portion. It is demonstrated that the unwinding of ligand‐conjugated nanohelix facilitates direct integrin recruitment onto the ligand‐conjugated nanohelix on a single cell level to mediate paxillin adhesion assembly that stimulates M2 polarization of macrophages.