Differential antibody dynamics to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination

Optimal immune responses furnish long-lasting (durable) antibodies protective across dynamically mutating viral variants (broad). To assess robustness of immunity induced by mRNA vaccination, we compared durability and breadth after SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. While vaccination delivered r...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:bioRxiv 2021-09
Main Authors: Chen, Yuezhou, Tong, Pei, Whiteman, Noah B, Ali Sanjari Moghaddam, Zuiani, Adam, Habibi, Shaghayegh, Avneesh Gautam, Xiao, Tianshu, Cai, Yongfei, Chen, Bing, Wesemann, Duane R
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antibodies
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
Immunological memory
Infections
mRNA
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Vaccination
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Summary:Optimal immune responses furnish long-lasting (durable) antibodies protective across dynamically mutating viral variants (broad). To assess robustness of immunity induced by mRNA vaccination, we compared durability and breadth after SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. While vaccination delivered robust initial virus-specific antibodies with some cross-variant coverage, pre-variant SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced antibodies, while modest in magnitude, showed highly stable long-term antibody dynamics. Vaccination after infection induced maximal antibody magnitudes with enhanced longitudinal stability while infection-naïve vaccinee antibodies fell with time to post-infection-alone levels. The composition of antibody neutralizing activity to variant relative to original virus also differed between groups, with infection-induced antibodies demonstrating greater relative breadth. Differential antibody durability trajectories favored COVID-19-recovered subjects with dual memory B cell features of greater early antibody somatic mutation and cross-coronavirus reactivity. By illuminating an infection-mediated antibody breadth advantage and an anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody durability-enhancing function conferred by recalled immunity, these findings may serve as guides for ongoing vaccine strategy enhancement. Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest.
DOI:10.1101/2021.09.09.459504