Collection and characterization of banana gene pools (Musa spp.) in Manipur (N.E. India) using PCR–RFLP and RAPD and ISSR markers

• Published in: Revista brasileira de botânica 2021-09, Vol.44 (3), p.671-684
• Main Authors: Singh, Warepam Amuchou, Singh, Nandeibam Samarjit, Devi, Elangbam Julia, Handique, Pratap Jyoti, Devi, Huidrom Sunitibala
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Biomarkers; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Botany; Cereal crops; Composition; Cultivars; Fragments; Gene polymorphism; Genetic diversity; Genetics & Evolutionary Biology - Original Article; Genomes; Genomics; Genotypes; Life Sciences; Musaceae; Plant Systematics/Taxonomy/Biogeography; Polymorphism; Random amplified polymorphic DNA; rRNA
• ISSN: 0100-8404; 1806-9959
• DOI: 10.1007/s40415-021-00722-y

Banana belonging to the family Musaceae is the fourth most important staple food crop after rice, wheat, and maize. Genomic composition and genetic variation among 25 Musaceae genotypes, collected from different regions of Manipur, were evaluated using PCR–RFLP and RAPD and ISSR markers. Restriction-site variations in the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of the nuclear ribosomal RNA genes were used to distinguish the genotypes and their genomic constitutions. PCR amplification using specific primers produced a 700-bp fragment in all the genotypes studied. This fragment that is equivalent in size to the ITS of most plants was digested with Rsa I, revealing 530-bp fragment that is unique to ‘A’ genome and 350 bp and 180-bp fragments that were unique to ‘B’ genome alone, and thus, the genotypes were differentiated as constituting of either the A or B genome alone or having both the A and B genomic compositions. In the wild and semi-wild genotypes, unique restriction fragments were observed. Genetic variations among the genotypes were determined using 15 RAPD and 15 ISSR markers. The respective percentage of polymorphisms for RAPD and ISSR markers was 99.79% and 99.70%. Similarity coefficients in RAPD analysis ranged from 0.14 to 0.95 and in ISSR analysis from 0.30 to 0.96. The polymorphism information content (PIC) scores for RAPD markers ranged from 0.20 to 0.29 and that of ISSR markers was 0.25 to 0.36. The Mantel Z-test between the two Jaccard’s similarity matrices gave r  ≥ 0.93, indicating a very good fit correlation between RAPD- and ISSR-based similarities. The RAPD and ISSR analyses could identify distinctive cultivars and wild species that remained conspicuously distinct in both marker systems.