Artificial intelligence and game theory controlled autonomous UAV swarms

• Published in: Evolutionary intelligence 2021-12, Vol.14 (4), p.1775-1792
• Main Authors: Kusyk, Janusz, Uyar, M. Umit, Ma, Kelvin, Samoylov, Eltan, Valdez, Ricardo, Plishka, Joseph, Hoque, Sagor E., Bertoli, Giorgio, Boksiner, Jeffrey
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Ad hoc networks; Algorithms; Applications of Mathematics; Artificial Intelligence; Bioinformatics; Connectivity; Control; Control algorithms; Engineering; Flight control; Game theory; Localization; Mathematical and Computational Engineering; Mechatronics; Military applications; Research Paper; Robotics; Statistical Physics and Dynamical Systems; Synchronism; Tracking; Transmitters; Unmanned aerial vehicles
• ISSN: 1864-5909; 1864-5917
• DOI: 10.1007/s12065-020-00456-y

Autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles ( uav s) operating as a swarm can be deployed in austere environments, where cyber electromagnetic activities often require speedy and dynamic adjustments to swarm operations. Use of central controllers, uav synchronization mechanisms or pre-planned set of actions to control a swarm in such deployments would hinder its ability to deliver expected services. We introduce artificial intelligence and game theory based flight control algorithms to be run by each autonomous uav to determine its actions in near real-time, while relying only on local spatial, temporal and electromagnetic ( em ) information. Each uav using our flight control algorithms positions itself such that the swarm maintains mobile ad-hoc network ( manet ) connectivity and uniform asset distribution over an area of interest. Typical tasks for swarms using our algorithms include detection, localization and tracking of mobile em transmitters. We present a formal analysis showing that our algorithms can guide a swarm to maintain a connected manet , promote a uniform network spreading, while avoiding overcrowding with other swarm members. We also prove that they maintain manet connectivity and, at the same time, they can lead a swarm of autonomous uav s to follow or avoid an em transmitter. Simulation experiments in opnet modeler verify the results of formal analysis that our algorithms are capable of providing an adequate area coverage over a mobile em source and maintain manet connectivity. These algorithms are good candidates for civilian and military applications that require agile responses to the changes in dynamic environments for tasks such as detection, localization and tracking mobile em transmitters.