Antibiotic resistance and random amplified polymorphic DNA typing of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from clinical and water samples

• Published in: Water environment research 2021-11, Vol.93 (11), p.2740-2753
• Main Authors: Giri, Shobha, Shekar, Malathi, Shetty, A. Veena, G, Puneeth T., Shetty, Avinash K.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Amplification; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology; Antibiotic resistance; Antibiotics; Antiinfectives and antibacterials; Carbapenems; Cefepime; Cefoperazone; Ceftazidime; Cefuroxime; Cephalosporins; Deoxyribonucleic acid; Detection; Diarrhea; Disease resistance; DNA; DNA Fingerprinting; Drinking water; Drug resistance; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Effluents; environmental health; Epidemiology; Erythromycin; Fish; Genes; High resistance; Hospital wastes; Klebsiella; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Klebsiella pneumoniae - genetics; Medical wastes; microbial contamination; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Multidrug resistance; Nucleotide sequence; PCR; Polymerase chain reaction; Primers; Random amplified polymorphic DNA; Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique; RAPD; Risk analysis; Risk assessment; Risk factors; Stewardship; Sulbactam; Typing; Wastewater; Water; Water analysis; Water isolates; Water sampling; Well water; β Lactamase
• ISSN: 1061-4303; 1554-7531
• DOI: 10.1002/wer.1630

The study aimed to screen for the presence of multidrug‐resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae from diarrheal stool and environmental water samples and to check the epidemiological link between the two categories. Isolates obtained after culturing on different media were tested for antibiotic resistance and extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase (ESBL) production. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis was done for important β‐lactamase encoding genes. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) typing was done using two primers. Results showed a high prevalence of K. pneumoniae from fish market effluents compared with stool and well water. Stool isolates showed high resistance to ceftazidime (80.0%) and cefepime (80.0%), fish market effluent isolates to cefoperazone–sulbactam (92.1%), and erythromycin (78.9%), while well water isolates to erythromycin (72.7%) and cefuroxime (54.4%). The ESBL genes blaCTX, blaSHV, and blaTEM were detected in 22.85%, 14.28%, and 42.85% of K. pneumoniae isolates, respectively. The results of RAPD‐PCR showed high genetic similarities between the isolates from different sources. Practitioner Points Detection of multi‐drug resistant Klebsiella strains in hospital wastewater and drinking water sources has progressively increased since its emerging resistance to third‐generation cephalosporins and carbapenems. Detection of beta‐lactamase encoding genes by molecular techniques and typing by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) can be useful in identifying the genetic fingerprints for epidemiological study. Implementation of effective antimicrobial stewardship program and infection control policy thereby helps assess the risk factors associated with infections. The graphical depicts the overview of the methodology where Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from clinical and environmental sources were subjected to antibiogram analysis and for the presence of extended‐spectrum‐beta‐lactamase and their corresponding genes. To check for the epidemiological similarity between clinical and environmental Klebsiella pneumoniae fingerprints, RAPD analysis was carried out.