Body weight, body composition and risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a large population-based sample

• Published in: European journal of public health 2021-10, Vol.31 (Supplement_3)
• Main Authors: Deschasaux-Tanguy, M, Bourhis, L, de Lamballerie, X, Carrat, F, Touvier, M
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adipose tissue; Anthropometry; Antibodies; Body composition; Body fat; Body mass index; Body size; Body weight; Coronaviruses; COVID-19; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Hip; Infections; Men; Muscles; Obesity; Public health; Risk analysis; Risk factors; Serology; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; Women
• ISSN: 1101-1262; 1464-360X
• DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckab164.648

Background Obesity has been identified as an important risk factor for COVID-19 severity. Besides, several reports also suggested that obesity (or a higher BMI) may also be associated with a higher susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection although this remains unclear. Going beyond BMI, our objective was to study several anthropometric characteristics in relation to the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a large population-based sample. Methods 21,376 participants from the French NutriNet-Santé cohort study were included in the main analyses. An ELISA assay was used to detect anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies: 1027 participants were positive and 20,349, negative. Associations between a wide range of anthropometric characteristics (body mass index but also waist and hip circumference and body composition) and the seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were investigated using multi-adjusted logistic regressions. Results A positive yet unclear association was observed between BMI and SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in women (positive linear trend (P = 0.07) that was significant using restricted cubic splines (P = 0.04), but no association with standard categories of BMI). No association was observed in men. Waist circumference (P = 0.04) and waist-to-hip ratio (P = 0.01) associated with a higher seroprevalence in women while opposite trends were observed in men (P = 0.08 and 0.03 respectively). Body, trunk and visceral fat (all P < 0.05), but not lean or muscle mass, associated with higher seroprevalence, especially in women. Conclusions Our results highlight a higher susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection in women with higher body fat, suggesting that central adiposity may be an important factor to consider for risk stratification in the population. Key messages A higher seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection was observed in women with a higher body fat, but not in men. Central adiposity may be a risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection and not only for COVID-19 severity.