Dynamic-stall measurements using time-resolved pressure-sensitive paint on double-swept rotor blades

• Published in: Experiments in fluids 2022-01, Vol.63 (1), Article 15
• Main Authors: Weiss, Armin, Geisler, Reinhard, Müller, Martin M., Klein, Christian, Henne, Ulrich, Braukmann, Johannes N., Letzgus, Johannes
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Blade tips; Blurring; Confined spaces; Detached eddy simulation; Engineering; Engineering Fluid Dynamics; Engineering Thermodynamics; Fluid flow; Fluid- and Aerodynamics; Heat and Mass Transfer; Pressure-sensitive paints; Research Article; Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes method; Reynolds number; Rotor blades; Stalling; Test facilities; Transducers; Unsteady flow
• ISSN: 0723-4864; 1432-1114
• DOI: 10.1007/s00348-021-03366-6

The study presents an optimized pressure-sensitive paint (PSP) measurement system that was applied to investigate unsteady surface pressures on recently developed double-swept rotor blades in the rotor test facility at the German Aerospace Center (DLR) in Göttingen. The measurement system featured an improved version of a double-shutter camera that was designed to reduce image blur in PSP measurements on fast rotating blades. It also comprised DLR’s PSP sensor, developed to capture transient flow phenomena (iPSP). Unsteady surface pressures were acquired across the outer 65% of the rotor blade with iPSP and at several radial blade sections by fast-response pressure transducers at blade-tip Mach and Reynolds numbers of M tip = 0.282 - 0.285 and Re tip = 5.84 - 5.95 × 10 5 . The unique experimental setup allowed for scanning surface pressures across the entire pitch cycle at a phase resolution of 0.225 deg azimuth for different collective and cyclic-pitch settings. Experimental results of both investigated cyclic-pitch settings are compared in detail to a delayed detached eddy simulation using the flow solver FLOWer and to flow visualizations from unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) computations with DLR’s TAU code. The findings reveal a detailed and yet unseen insight into the pressure footprint of double-swept rotor blades undergoing dynamic stall and allow for deducing “stall maps”, where confined areas of stalled flow on the blade are identifiable as a function of the pitch phase. Graphical abstract