Managing threats: A grounded theory of counseling engagement in clients with experiential avoidance

Constructivist grounded theory methods were used to explore counseling engagement in clients with strong tendencies to avoid aversive emotion. Participants initially viewed counseling as a potentially adversarial and harmful relationship. An expectation and fear of judgment, as well as shame and sel...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of counseling and development 2022-01, Vol.100 (1), p.14-26
Main Authors: Tursi, Michael M., Sellers, Craig R., Marquis, Andre
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aversive
Avoidance behavior
constructivism
Counseling
Counselors
engagement
experiential avoidance
Grounded theory
Personal information
Shame
Therapeutic alliances
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Summary:Constructivist grounded theory methods were used to explore counseling engagement in clients with strong tendencies to avoid aversive emotion. Participants initially viewed counseling as a potentially adversarial and harmful relationship. An expectation and fear of judgment, as well as shame and self‐judgment, contributed to this view. Participants also reported anxiety about addressing specific issues. Their perceptions led to withholding of personal information and minimal engagement. The participants were initially susceptible to negative or fruitless counseling episodes. However, if a trusting therapeutic relationship developed, engagement increased. Trust developed if the participants perceived their counselors as non‐judgmental and genuine. Recognizing possible benefits—in addition to risks—of counseling also contributed to their decisions to engage. The participants reported that counseling helped change their perspectives. They eventually perceived and appreciated the benefits of emotional engagement. Implications for counselors are provided.
ISSN:0748-9633
1556-6676
DOI:10.1002/jcad.12401