New insights into the historical translocation of the Algerian hedgehog and pine marten throughout the Balearic Islands (Western Mediterranean): refining the radiocarbon‐based chronology

• Published in: Journal of zoology (1987) 2022-01, Vol.316 (1), p.61-71
• Main Authors: Valenzuela, A., Martínez‐Sánchez, R. M., García, J., Alcover, J. A.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Archaeology; Archipelagoes; Atelerix algirus; Bones; Chronology; Colonization; historical ecology; Hypotheses; Introduced species; Islands; Martes martes; New records; Radiocarbon dating; species colonisation; species translocation; Translocation; Western Mediterranean; Zooarchaeology
• ISSN: 0952-8369; 1469-7998
• DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12932

In this paper, we refine the colonisation timeframe of pine marten (Martes martes) and Algerian hedgehog (Atelerix algirus) to the Balearic Islands synthesising their occurrence records and providing an accurate chronology through new directly 14C dated archaeological bone samples. The new dates are significantly earlier than previously reported finds; therefore, both cases currently represent the earliest records for the human‐mediated translocation of these species in Europe. These new data not only provide further accurate resolution for previous historical translocation hypothesis but also expand the geographical scope throughout the archipelago. The sequence and timing of introduction events are embedded in different historical timeframes. The time of arrival of the pine marten is now established in the early Roman period, a period that supported a huge wave of introduced alien species into the Balearics. For the Algerian hedgehog, the new records further support the hypothesis that the Almohads were responsible for its introduction to these islands. Both examples illustrate how important it is to connect past translocation records to tighter radiometric chronologies through direct dating on bones of the implicated species. A refined colonisation timeframe of pine marten (Martes martes) and Algerian hedgehog (Atelerix algirus) to the Balearic Islands is provided through new directly carbon‐dated archaeological bone samples. The new dates represent the earliest records for human‐mediated translocation of these species in Europe. The sequence and timing of introduction events are embedded in different historical timeframes: The pine marten was established in the early Roman period, and the Algerian hedgehog was introduced in medieval times as a consequence of the Almohad conquest of the islands.