4D Printing of Engineered Living Materials

Herein, a method that uses direct‐ink‐write printing to fabricate engineering living materials (ELMs) that respond by undergoing a programmed shape change in response to specific molecules is reported. Stimuli‐responsiveness is imparted to ELMs by integrating genetically engineered yeast that only p...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Advanced functional materials 2022-01, Vol.32 (4), p.n/a
Main Authors: Rivera‐Tarazona, Laura K., Shukla, Tarjani, Singh, Kanwar Abhay, Gaharwar, Akhilesh K., Campbell, Zachary T., Ware, Taylor H.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
4D printing
Amino acids
Biomolecules
Drug delivery systems
engineered living materials
Genetic engineering
hydrogels
Materials science
Nucleotides
Three dimensional printing
Yeast
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Summary:Herein, a method that uses direct‐ink‐write printing to fabricate engineering living materials (ELMs) that respond by undergoing a programmed shape change in response to specific molecules is reported. Stimuli‐responsiveness is imparted to ELMs by integrating genetically engineered yeast that only proliferate in the presence of specific biomolecules. This proliferation, in turn, leads to a shape change in the ELM in response to that biomolecule. These ELMs are fabricated by coprinting bioinks that contain multiple yeast strains. Locally, cellular proliferation leads to controllable shape change of the material resulting in up to a 370% increase in volume. Globally, the printed 3D structures contain regions of material that increase in volume and regions that do not under a given set of conditions, leading to programmable changes in form in response to target amino acids and nucleotides. Finally, this printing method is applied to design a reservoir‐based drug delivery system for the on‐demand delivery of a model drug in response to a specific biomolecule. Direct‐ink‐write printing of engineered living materials facilitates the spatial control of yeast strain and quantity within synthetic hydrogels. Printed materials morph into programmed forms in response to engineered conditions dictated by genetics of the yeast. Using this programmed shape change, drug reservoirs made from these composites are shown to release encapsulated materials in response to specific biochemical cues.
ISSN:1616-301X
1616-3028
DOI:10.1002/adfm.202106843