Hydrogen production, storage, utilisation and environmental impacts: a review

Dihydrogen (H 2 ), commonly named ‘hydrogen’, is increasingly recognised as a clean and reliable energy vector for decarbonisation and defossilisation by various sectors. The global hydrogen demand is projected to increase from 70 million tonnes in 2019 to 120 million tonnes by 2024. Hydrogen develo...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental chemistry letters 2022-02, Vol.20 (1), p.153-188
Main Authors: Osman, Ahmed I., Mehta, Neha, Elgarahy, Ahmed M., Hefny, Mahmoud, Al-Hinai, Amer, Al-Muhtaseb, Ala’a H., Rooney, David W.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Ammonia
Analytical Chemistry
Caverns
Clean energy
Coal
Coal gasification
Decarbonization
Earth and Environmental Science
Ecotoxicology
Electrolysis
Energy
Environment
Environmental Chemistry
Environmental impact
Geochemistry
Geology
Hydrogen
Hydrogen production
Hydrogen storage
Industry
International organizations
Life cycle
Life cycle analysis
Life cycles
Methane
Peak demand
Peak load
Pollution
Porous media
Pyrolysis
Reforming
Review
Transport
Underground caverns
Underground storage
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Summary:Dihydrogen (H 2 ), commonly named ‘hydrogen’, is increasingly recognised as a clean and reliable energy vector for decarbonisation and defossilisation by various sectors. The global hydrogen demand is projected to increase from 70 million tonnes in 2019 to 120 million tonnes by 2024. Hydrogen development should also meet the seventh goal of ‘affordable and clean energy’ of the United Nations. Here we review hydrogen production and life cycle analysis, hydrogen geological storage and hydrogen utilisation. Hydrogen is produced by water electrolysis, steam methane reforming, methane pyrolysis and coal gasification. We compare the environmental impact of hydrogen production routes by life cycle analysis. Hydrogen is used in power systems, transportation, hydrocarbon and ammonia production, and metallugical industries. Overall, combining electrolysis-generated hydrogen with hydrogen storage in underground porous media such as geological reservoirs and salt caverns is well suited for shifting excess off-peak energy to meet dispatchable on-peak demand.
ISSN:1610-3653
1610-3661
DOI:10.1007/s10311-021-01322-8