Ex situ treatment and residual management of PFAS contaminated environmental media

This paper focuses on both commercially available and developing ex situ technologies for treating per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). To date, conventional treatment technologies for PFAS removal from aqueous matrices involves the use of granular activated carbon, anion ion exchange resins,...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Remediation (New York, N.Y.) N.Y.), 2022-03, Vol.32 (1-2), p.55-63
Main Authors: Grieco, Scott A., Koenigsberg, Stephen, Claffey, Jim, Cooper, Ivan, Dewitt, AnnieLu, Naidu, Ravi, Wymore, Ryan
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Activated carbon
Anion exchanging
Complex media
Decision making
Drinking water
Environmental management
Groundwater
Incineration
Ion exchange
Ion exchange resins
Landfill
Landfills
Leachates
Municipal landfills
Municipal wastewater
New technology
Resins
Reverse osmosis
Solid wastes
Waste disposal sites
Wastes
Wastewater
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Summary:This paper focuses on both commercially available and developing ex situ technologies for treating per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). To date, conventional treatment technologies for PFAS removal from aqueous matrices involves the use of granular activated carbon, anion ion exchange resins, or reverse osmosis. Currently, the environmental industry is being flooded with new ex situ technologies designed to treat PFAS in both liquid and solid matrices. For more complex media, such as municipal wastewater and landfill leachate, significant pretreatment is generally required. Ex situ treatment/disposal methods for PFAS‐contaminated solid wastes are generally limited to landfill disposal and incineration. The paper begins with a regulatory overview applicable to ex situ PFAS treatment technologies and then summarizes commercially available and developing ex situ technologies for drinking water and groundwater, wastewater, landfill leachate, and solid wastes. New technologies that have been developed but are less widely applied are also discussed. In addition, the paper provides a summary of the decision‐making process for managing PFAS‐containing wastes.
ISSN:1051-5658
1520-6831
DOI:10.1002/rem.21704